Code
C1360
Generic
C — Chassis
ABS wheel speed sensor circuit malfunction
Views:
UK: 3
EN: 2
RU: 4
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Open or short in wheel speed sensor wiring (broken wire, chafing, corrosion)
- Faulty wheel speed sensor (passive or active type)
- Damaged or missing tone ring/reluctor (cracked, broken teeth, excessive rust)
- Corroded/loose sensor connector or poor ground
- Intermittent connector contact due to contamination or water intrusion
- Faulty ABS control module or module input driver
Symptoms
- ABS warning light illuminated on dash
- Traction control or stability control lights may also be lit
- ABS may be disabled — longer/harder stops possible under panic braking
- Occasional or permanent loss of speedometer/odometer signal on some vehicles
- Intermittent ABS activation or unusual ABS operation
- Fault may appear after hitting pothole or road debris
What to check
- Read ABS module trouble codes and freeze frame/live data with a scan tool; note which wheel is flagged
- Visually inspect the sensor, connector and harness at the affected wheel for damage, corrosion or looseness
- Inspect tone ring/reluctor for missing teeth, heavy rust, cracks, deformation or foreign material
- Check for continuity and short to ground/power in sensor wiring (backprobe connector with harness unplugged)
- Measure sensor resistance (for passive sensors) and compare to manufacturer spec
- Probe sensor output while spinning the wheel (oscilloscope preferred) to verify AC waveform or digital pulse output
Signal parameters
- Passive (magnetic) sensor resistance: typically ~800–2000 Ω (varies by vehicle) — consult OEM spec
- Passive sensor output: AC voltage increasing with wheel speed (low speed ~0.1–1.0 VAC, higher speeds higher amplitude)
- Active (Hall/VR with electronics) sensor: square or pulse output ~0.5–4.5 V or 0–5 V referenced to sensor ground at wheel rotation
- Pulse frequency: proportional to wheel speed (0–1000+ Hz depending on wheel speed and tooth count)
- Typical reference supply to active sensors: ~5 V (sometimes 12 V) — check manufacturer spec
- Short to battery or ground will show near-constant high or low voltage instead of pulsed waveform
Diagnostic algorithm
- Connect a scan tool, read and record ABS codes, freeze frame and live wheel speed readings; identify which wheel is affected.
- Visually inspect the sensor, connector and tone ring at the flagged wheel for damage, contamination or missing teeth.
- With ignition off, unplug sensor connector and inspect pins for corrosion, bent pins or water ingress; clean or repair connector as needed.
- Measure passive sensor resistance (if applicable) at the sensor connector and compare to OEM spec. Replace sensor if out of range.
- Check for short to power/ground and continuity to ABS module pin using a multimeter. Repair any open/shorts found in the harness.
- With wheel elevated and vehicle secure, spin the wheel while monitoring sensor output with an oscilloscope or scan tool wheel speed data. Look for clean waveform/pulses and consistent amplitude.
- Perform a wiggle test on wiring and connectors while watching live data to find intermittent faults from movement.
- If sensor wiring and tone ring are OK, verify reference supply and signal input at the ABS module connector; check module grounds.
- If all wiring and sensor tests are good, consider module internal fault — consult manufacturer diagnostic flow for ABS module tests or replacement.
- After repair, clear codes and perform a test drive to confirm the code does not return and ABS functions normally.
Likely causes
- Connector contamination or bent pins at the wheel speed sensor
- Broken/shorted wiring in the suspension or wheel well (common at wheel arch)
- Failed passive sensor (open circuit or very high resistance)
- Damaged tone ring (missing teeth or heavy rust causing weak signal)
Fault status
Status
ABS control module detected an abnormal or missing wheel speed sensor signal. The ABS/traction system may be disabled. Inspect sensor, wiring, and tone ring at the indicated wheel. Repair and clear the code; verify proper operation by test drive.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
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