Code
C2241
Generic
C — Chassis
Steering Angle Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
Views:
UK: 6
EN: 7
RU: 7
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Faulty steering angle sensor (internal failure or contamination)
- Damaged or shorted wiring harness or connectors to the SAS
- Poor power supply or ground to the sensor (intermittent or low voltage)
- Clock spring damage or poor contact in the steering column
- Sensor misalignment or mechanical binding in the steering column
- Faulty ABS/ESC/BCM control module or software error
Symptoms
- ABS, ESC, or traction control warning lamp illuminated
- Uncommanded stability or traction control interventions
- Inability to complete SAS calibration or “steering angle not learned” message
- Steering wheel center/angle mismatch with vehicle travel (off-center tracking)
- Stored or recurring steering/ABS-related fault codes
- Cruise control disabled or unavailable (on some vehicles)
What to check
- Scan for active and history codes; record freeze frame and PID data
- Compare raw steering angle PID with wheel speed/wheel angle PIDs during steering input
- Visually inspect SAS connector, wiring, and clock spring for damage or corrosion
- Measure sensor supply voltage and ground with key on (per manufacturer spec)
- Perform wiggle test on harness while watching live steering angle data for drops/spikes
- Attempt SAS zero/learn/calibration procedure using a factory scan tool and note errors
Signal parameters
- Output is an angle value reported in degrees (can be signed or unsigned depending on OEM)
- Common OEM ranges: 0–360°, ±180°, or ±720° depending on sensor design
- Physical sensor types: dual Hall-effect outputs or digital encoder; analog outputs typically 0.5–4.5 V per channel
- Reference supply commonly 5 V or 3.3 V; data often broadcast on CAN at 10–100 Hz
- Any sudden jumps, saturation at endpoints, or values inconsistent with steering input indicate a fault
Diagnostic algorithm
- Retrieve all related DTCs and freeze-frame data. Note when the fault occurs (key on, during driving, during turns).
- Verify vehicle-specific service information for SAS nominal range and calibration procedures before replacement.
- With a capable scan tool, view live steering angle PID and wheel speed sensors. Slowly turn the steering wheel and observe smooth, continuous angle change without jumps or dropouts.
- Inspect the sensor connector, wiring harness, and clock spring for damage, broken wires, corrosion, or pin push-out. Repair as needed.
- Check sensor power and ground at the connector with key on. Verify reference voltage is within spec and stable while turning wheel.
- Perform a wiggle test on the harness and clock spring while watching live data; look for intermittent changes or fault set.
- If wiring and power are good, follow manufacturer procedure to perform SAS zero/learn/calibration. If calibration fails, note error details for further faulting.
- If calibration succeeds but fault returns, replace the steering angle sensor or clock spring assembly as required and then re-learn/calibrate.
- After repair or adjustment, clear codes and perform a road test with live data monitoring to confirm the fault does not recur.
- If intermittent or unexplained errors remain, inspect related control modules and CAN wiring, and consider module software update or ECU diagnosis.
Likely causes
- Connector corrosion or broken wires at the sensor/clock spring
- Sensor internal failure (most common after wear or impact)
- Sensor not calibrated after steering/column service
- Intermittent power/ground to the sensor
Fault status
Status
Steering Angle Sensor Circuit Range/Performance — sensor output is outside expected range or inconsistent with other vehicle sensors, causing stability/ABS-related systems to be limited or disabled.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 1.0-3.5 hours
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