Code
C2304
LAND ROVER
C — Chassis
Rear Left Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit — Intermittent/Invalid Signal
Views:
UK: 3
EN: 11
RU: 5
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Damaged or corroded sensor connector or wiring (intermittent open/short)
- Faulty wheel speed sensor (Hall or passive type)
- Damaged or missing reluctor/tone ring (broken teeth, heavy rust, debris)
- Poor ground or reference voltage to sensor (ECU connector or chassis ground issue)
- Intermittent module/ECU connection or internal ABS module fault
- Wheel bearing damage causing sensor-to-reluctor air gap variance
Symptoms
- ABS warning light illuminated
- Traction control / ESC warning or disabled message
- Intermittent ABS operation during braking (pulsation or no ABS)
- Uncommanded traction control intervention or loss of traction/ stability control
- Possible speedometer fluctuation (vehicle-specific)
- Diagnostic trouble code C2304 stored; may be intermittent (fault may return after clearing)
What to check
- Read freeze frame and full code list with good scan tool; note any related codes
- Clear codes and road test to reproduce intermittent condition while monitoring live wheel speed sensor data
- Visually inspect rear left wheel speed sensor and connector for corrosion, damage, contamination, or bent pins
- Inspect reluctor (tone) ring for missing/damaged teeth, heavy rust, or debris; check sensor mounting and air gap
- Wiggle test wiring from sensor to ABS module while watching live data to detect intermittent changes
- Measure sensor supply/reference voltage and ground at connector with key on/engine off
Signal parameters
- Varies by model — consult vehicle-specific data before replacing parts
- Active (3‑wire Hall) sensors: reference ~5 V (key on), ground ~0 V, signal: pulsed square wave ~0–5 V proportional to wheel speed
- Passive (2‑wire) sensors: resistance typically 800–2000 Ω (model dependent); AC voltage output frequency and amplitude increase with wheel speed
- Typical idle/low speed waveform: low frequency pulses; amplitude and frequency rise with wheel rpm
- Intermittent faults often show missing pulses, dropped edges, noisy or distorted waveform; short to supply or ground will corrupt signal
Diagnostic algorithm
- Retrieve and record all related DTCs and freeze frame data. Note whether the fault is permanent or intermittent. 2) Visually inspect rear left sensor, connector, harness routing, and reluctor ring for damage, contamination, missing teeth or excessive air gap. Repair as needed. 3) With key ON, backprobe the sensor connector: verify reference voltage (typically ~5 V) and ground presence. If no reference, check ECU/ABS module output and fuses. 4) Start vehicle or rotate wheel safely (lift vehicle, support on jack stands). With wheel spinning, measure signal wire with a scope or multimeter (AC for passive). Look for clean pulses that scale with speed. 5) Wiggle the harness and connector while monitoring live data or waveform to reproduce intermittent behavior. Repair wiring/connector if intermittent seen. 6) Check sensor resistance (for passive) against spec; replace if out of range. For active sensors, compare signal waveform to known-good sensor, or swap sensors side-to-side to see if code follows sensor. 7) Verify connector grounds and continuity to ABS module. Repair any high resistance or open circuits. 8) If wiring and sensor check good, inspect ABS module connector for corrosion or internal fault; consider module testing at dealer/specialist. 9) After repair/replacement, clear codes and perform road test while monitoring wheel speed signals to confirm fault does not recur.
Likely causes
- Corroded/contaminated rear left sensor connector or pin(s)
- Chafed wiring harness at suspension travel points (leading to intermittent open/short)
- Failed rear left wheel speed sensor (internal short or lost reference output)
- Damaged/shifted reluctor/tone ring on the rear left hub/carrier
- Loose or corroded ground at the ABS module or sensor circuit
Fault status
Status
Rear Left Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit — Intermittent/Invalid Signal. ABS/ESC functionality may be reduced. Fault stored in ABS module.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 1.0 - 2.5 hours
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