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Home / DTC / P0698 — Sensor Reference Voltage C Circuit Low

P0698 — Sensor Reference Voltage C Circuit Low

Detailed page for trouble code P0698.

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P0698

Generic P — Powertrain

Sensor Reference Voltage C Circuit Low

Brand: Generic
Type: P — Powertrain
Views: UK: 11 EN: 17 RU: 13
AI status
Completed
ready
Completed 100%
Page language: EN

Causes

  • Poor or low battery/charging system voltage
  • Blown or open fuse supplying the PCM/reference regulator
  • Poor PCM power or ground connections
  • Damaged, chafed or shorted wiring on reference circuit C (short to ground)
  • Corroded/loose connector at sensor(s) or PCM
  • Faulty sensor(s) tied to the reference circuit

Symptoms

  • Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) illuminated
  • Multiple sensor-related trouble codes or erratic sensor readings
  • Engine may run rough, reduced performance or stumble (depending on affected sensors)
  • In some cases poor fuel economy or difficulty starting
  • Some vehicle systems that rely on sensors on this reference may operate unpredictably

What to check

  • Scan for additional DTCs and record freeze-frame/data PIDs to identify affected sensors
  • Verify battery voltage with key ON and engine running (should be ~12.4–14.8 V)
  • Inspect fuses and relays related to PCM and sensor power/reference
  • Visually inspect wiring harnesses, connectors and grounds for damage/corrosion
  • Back-probe the sensor reference pin at the sensor connector and at the PCM to compare voltages
  • Check continuity and resistance between sensor connector reference pin and PCM reference pin

Signal parameters

  • Nominal sensor reference voltage: ~5.0 V (typical acceptable range 4.75–5.25 V)
  • Low condition typically flagged when reference falls below ~4.4–4.6 V (threshold varies by manufacturer)
  • Open-circuit continuity: very high resistance / OL between PCM reference pin and sensor connector
  • Short-to-ground: near 0 Ω between reference circuit and ground
  • With key ON, engine OFF: reference should be present and stable near nominal value

Diagnostic algorithm

  1. Retrieve all stored DTCs and freeze-frame data. Note which sensors share reference circuit C.
  2. Verify battery/charging system voltage. Charge battery or repair charging if low before further testing.
  3. Inspect fuses, PCM power/ground connections and visible wiring for damage or corrosion; repair as needed.
  4. With key ON (engine OFF), back-probe the reference C pin at the PCM and at each affected sensor connector. Compare voltages; they should be within a few tenths of a volt of each other and near ~5 V.
  5. If reference is low at PCM pin, suspect PCM power/ground, fuse, or internal regulator. If low only at sensor connector(s), suspect wiring/connector between PCM and sensor.
  6. Check continuity and resistance between PCM reference pin and sensor connector. Look for high resistance or open circuit. Check for short to ground (measure resistance to ground).
  7. Disconnect the suspect sensor(s) and measure reference voltage at the harness. If voltage returns to normal with sensor disconnected, the sensor is likely pulling the circuit down.
  8. Repair damaged wiring/connectors, clean or replace corroded terminals, and replace any failed sensor(s). Re-test voltage and clear codes.
  9. If wiring and sensors test good and reference remains low at the PCM, consider PCM internal fault — confirm with manufacturer diagnostics before replacing module.
  10. After repairs clear codes and perform a test drive/verification cycle to ensure code does not return.

Likely causes

  • Short to ground or high resistance in the reference C harness
  • Loose/corroded ground at PCM or chassis ground point
  • Failed sensor that is loading the reference circuit
  • Blown fuse or poor PCM power supply causing regulator to output low voltage

Fault status

⚠️ Status
Sensor reference voltage C circuit low — PCM detected the reference supply voltage on circuit C below the expected threshold.
🟡 Repair difficulty: Medium
⏱️ Diagnostic time: 0.5-3 hours

Similar codes

P0696 P0697 P0641 P0102 P0117
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Code

P0698

LAND ROVER P — Powertrain

Reference voltage sensor C - low circuit

Brand: LAND ROVER
Type: P — Powertrain
Views: UK: 3 EN: 6 RU: 8
AI status
Completed
ready
Completed 100%
Page language: EN

Causes

  • Poor or low battery/charging system voltage
  • Blown or open fuse supplying the PCM/reference regulator
  • Poor PCM power or ground connections
  • Damaged, chafed or shorted wiring on reference circuit C (short to ground)
  • Corroded/loose connector at sensor(s) or PCM
  • Faulty sensor(s) tied to the reference circuit

Symptoms

  • Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) illuminated
  • Multiple sensor-related trouble codes or erratic sensor readings
  • Engine may run rough, reduced performance or stumble (depending on affected sensors)
  • In some cases poor fuel economy or difficulty starting
  • Some vehicle systems that rely on sensors on this reference may operate unpredictably

What to check

  • Scan for additional DTCs and record freeze-frame/data PIDs to identify affected sensors
  • Verify battery voltage with key ON and engine running (should be ~12.4–14.8 V)
  • Inspect fuses and relays related to PCM and sensor power/reference
  • Visually inspect wiring harnesses, connectors and grounds for damage/corrosion
  • Back-probe the sensor reference pin at the sensor connector and at the PCM to compare voltages
  • Check continuity and resistance between sensor connector reference pin and PCM reference pin

Signal parameters

  • Nominal sensor reference voltage: ~5.0 V (typical acceptable range 4.75–5.25 V)
  • Low condition typically flagged when reference falls below ~4.4–4.6 V (threshold varies by manufacturer)
  • Open-circuit continuity: very high resistance / OL between PCM reference pin and sensor connector
  • Short-to-ground: near 0 Ω between reference circuit and ground
  • With key ON, engine OFF: reference should be present and stable near nominal value

Diagnostic algorithm

  1. Retrieve all stored DTCs and freeze-frame data. Note which sensors share reference circuit C.
  2. Verify battery/charging system voltage. Charge battery or repair charging if low before further testing.
  3. Inspect fuses, PCM power/ground connections and visible wiring for damage or corrosion; repair as needed.
  4. With key ON (engine OFF), back-probe the reference C pin at the PCM and at each affected sensor connector. Compare voltages; they should be within a few tenths of a volt of each other and near ~5 V.
  5. If reference is low at PCM pin, suspect PCM power/ground, fuse, or internal regulator. If low only at sensor connector(s), suspect wiring/connector between PCM and sensor.
  6. Check continuity and resistance between PCM reference pin and sensor connector. Look for high resistance or open circuit. Check for short to ground (measure resistance to ground).
  7. Disconnect the suspect sensor(s) and measure reference voltage at the harness. If voltage returns to normal with sensor disconnected, the sensor is likely pulling the circuit down.
  8. Repair damaged wiring/connectors, clean or replace corroded terminals, and replace any failed sensor(s). Re-test voltage and clear codes.
  9. If wiring and sensors test good and reference remains low at the PCM, consider PCM internal fault — confirm with manufacturer diagnostics before replacing module.
  10. After repairs clear codes and perform a test drive/verification cycle to ensure code does not return.

Likely causes

  • Short to ground or high resistance in the reference C harness
  • Loose/corroded ground at PCM or chassis ground point
  • Failed sensor that is loading the reference circuit
  • Blown fuse or poor PCM power supply causing regulator to output low voltage

Fault status

⚠️ Status
Sensor reference voltage C circuit low — PCM detected the reference supply voltage on circuit C below the expected threshold.
🟡 Repair difficulty: Medium
⏱️ Diagnostic time: 0.5-3 hours

Similar codes

P0696 P0697 P0641 P0102 P0117
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Key sections:
  • 01 - INTRODUCTION
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  • - References
  • - Repairs and replacements
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  • - Synthetic rubber
  • - Recommended sealants
  • - Used engine oil precautions
  • - Accessories and conversions
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Short description

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Key sections:
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  • 1.1 About this document
  • 1.2 Battery voltage
  • 1.3 Electrical precautions
  • 1.4 Battery disconnecting / charging
  • 1.5 Disciplines / greases
  • 1.6 Abbreviations
  • 1.7 HeVAC, sensors abbreviations
  • 1.8 How to use this document
  • 1.9 Connector detail format
  • 1.10 Fault diagnosis
  • 1.11 Wire colour codes
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+100 karma for a short comment :)
Keep it short and practical. Up to 500 characters.
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