Code
P1228
BUICK
P — Powertrain
Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent
Views:
UK: 34
EN: 50
RU: 45
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
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Code
P1228
CADILLAC
P — Powertrain
Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent
Views:
UK: 33
EN: 48
RU: 46
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
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Code
P1228
CHEVROLET
P — Powertrain
Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent
Views:
UK: 31
EN: 48
RU: 40
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
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Code
P1228
CHRYSLER
P — Powertrain
Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent
Views:
UK: 36
EN: 48
RU: 43
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
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Code
P1228
FORD
P — Powertrain
Wastegate Failed Open Under Pressure
Views:
UK: 35
EN: 48
RU: 37
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
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Code
P1228
GM
P — Powertrain
Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent
Views:
UK: 34
EN: 49
RU: 48
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
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Code
P1228
GMC
P — Powertrain
Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent
Views:
UK: 31
EN: 46
RU: 41
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
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Code
P1228
HUMMER
P — Powertrain
Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent
Views:
UK: 22
EN: 28
RU: 28
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for HUMMER
69
Browse 69 HUMMER manuals: repair procedures, diagnostics, wiring diagrams, component locations, service data and Labor Times by year, model and trim.
HUMMER
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Code
P1228
JAGUAR
P — Powertrain
Mechanical Guard Circuit High Input
Views:
UK: 30
EN: 45
RU: 42
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
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Code
P1228
KIA
P — Powertrain
Fuel Injector 4 Circuit Low Voltage
Views:
UK: 31
EN: 54
RU: 44
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
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Code
P1228
LAND ROVER
P — Powertrain
High input mechanical protection circuit Malfunction in the electronic throttle control circuit Want operation of the fuel pump relay
Views:
UK: 16
EN: 23
RU: 22
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for LAND ROVER
160
Browse 160 LAND ROVER manuals: repair procedures, diagnostics, wiring diagrams, component locations, service data and Labor Times by year, model and trim.
LAND ROVER
-
LAND ROVER: 2023
-
Range Rover Velar
-
-
LAND ROVER: 2022
-
Discovery Sport
-
Range Rover
- Autobiography, 4.4L Eng VIN 7 · 4.4L Eng VIN 72022: Range Rover Autobiography
- Autobiography, 5.0L Eng VIN E · 5.0L Eng VIN E2022: Range Rover Autobiography
- 2022 Range Rover Base
- First Edition
- HSE Westminster, 3.0L Eng VIN U · 3.0L Eng VIN U2022: Range Rover HSE Westminster
- HSE Westminster, 5.0L Eng VIN E · 5.0L Eng VIN E2022: Range Rover HSE Westminster
- SE, 3.0L Eng VIN U · 3.0L Eng VIN U2022: Range Rover SE
- SE, 4.4L Eng VIN 7 · 4.4L Eng VIN 72022: Range Rover SE
- SV
- SVAutobiography
- SVAutobiography Dynamic
- SVAutobiography Dynamic Blk.
-
Range Rover Evoque
-
Range Rover Sport
-
Range Rover Velar
-
LAND ROVER: 2021
-
Discovery Sport
-
Range Rover
- Autobiography, 2.0L Eng VIN Y · 2.0L Eng VIN Y2021: Range Rover Autobiography
- Autobiography Fifty Edition
- 2021 Range Rover Base
- HSE, 2.0L Eng VIN Y · 2.0L Eng VIN Y2021: Range Rover HSE
- HSE, 3.0L Eng VIN K · 3.0L Eng VIN K2021: Range Rover HSE
- HSE Westminster, 3.0L Eng VIN U · 3.0L Eng VIN U2021: Range Rover HSE Westminster
- HSE Westminster, 5.0L Eng VIN E · 5.0L Eng VIN E2021: Range Rover HSE Westminster
- SVAutobiography
- SVAutobiography Dynamic
- SVAutobiography Dynamic Blk.
-
Range Rover Evoque
-
Range Rover Sport
- Autobiography, 2.0L Eng VIN Y · 2.0L Eng VIN Y2021: Range Rover Sport Autobiography
- Autobiography, 5.0L Eng VIN E · 5.0L Eng VIN E2021: Range Rover Sport Autobiography
- Autobiography Dynamic, 2.0L Eng VIN Y · 2.0L Eng VIN Y2021: Range Rover Sport Autobiography Dynamic
- Autobiography Dynamic, 5.0L Eng VIN E · 5.0L Eng VIN E2021: Range Rover Sport Autobiography Dynamic
- HSE Dynamic
- HSE Silver Edition, 2.0L Eng VIN Y · 2.0L Eng VIN Y2021: Range Rover Sport HSE Silver Edition
- HSE Silver Edition, 3.0L Eng VIN K · 3.0L Eng VIN K2021: Range Rover Sport HSE Silver Edition
- HSE Silver Edition, 3.0L Eng VIN U · 3.0L Eng VIN U2021: Range Rover Sport HSE Silver Edition
- HST
- SE
- SVR
- SVR Carbon Edition
-
Range Rover Velar
-
LAND ROVER: 2020
-
Discovery
- HSE, 3.0L Eng VIN K · 3.0L Eng VIN K2020: Discovery HSE
- HSE, 3.0L Eng VIN V · 3.0L Eng VIN V2020: Discovery HSE
- HSE Luxury, 3.0L Eng VIN K · 3.0L Eng VIN K2020: Discovery HSE Luxury
- HSE Luxury, 3.0L Eng VIN V · 3.0L Eng VIN V2020: Discovery HSE Luxury
- Landmark
- SE, 3.0L Eng VIN K · 3.0L Eng VIN K2020: Discovery SE
- SE, 3.0L Eng VIN V · 3.0L Eng VIN V2020: Discovery SE
-
Discovery Sport
-
Range Rover
- Autobiography
- Base, 3.0L Eng VIN K · 3.0L Eng VIN K2020: Range Rover Base
- Base, 3.0L Eng VIN U · 3.0L Eng VIN U2020: Range Rover Base
- HSE, 2.0L Eng VIN Y · 2.0L Eng VIN Y2020: Range Rover HSE
- HSE, 3.0L Eng VIN K · 3.0L Eng VIN K2020: Range Rover HSE
- HSE, 3.0L Eng VIN U · 3.0L Eng VIN U2020: Range Rover HSE
- HSE, 5.0L Eng VIN E · 5.0L Eng VIN E2020: Range Rover HSE
- SVAutobiography
- SVAutobiography Dynamic
-
Range Rover Evoque
-
Range Rover Sport
- Autobiography Dynamic, 2.0L Eng VIN Y · 2.0L Eng VIN Y2020: Range Rover Sport Autobiography Dynamic
- Autobiography Dynamic, 5.0L Eng VIN E · 5.0L Eng VIN E2020: Range Rover Sport Autobiography Dynamic
- HSE, 3.0L Eng VIN K · 3.0L Eng VIN K2020: Range Rover Sport HSE
- HSE, 3.0L Eng VIN U · 3.0L Eng VIN U2020: Range Rover Sport HSE
- HSE, 5.0L Eng VIN E · 5.0L Eng VIN E2020: Range Rover Sport HSE
- HSE Dynamic
- HSE PHEV
- HST
- SE, 3.0L Eng VIN K · 3.0L Eng VIN K2020: Range Rover Sport SE
- SE, 3.0L Eng VIN U · 3.0L Eng VIN U2020: Range Rover Sport SE
- SVR
-
Range Rover Velar
- R-Dynamic HSE
- R-Dynamic S, 2.0L Eng VIN X · 2.0L Eng VIN X2020: Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S
- R-Dynamic S, 3.0L Eng VIN V · 3.0L Eng VIN V2020: Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic S
- S, 2.0L Eng VIN X · 2.0L Eng VIN X2020: Range Rover Velar S
- S, 3.0L Eng VIN V · 3.0L Eng VIN V2020: Range Rover Velar S
- SVAutobiography Dyn.
-
LAND ROVER: 2019
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Code
P1228
LINCOLN
P — Powertrain
Wastegate Failed Open Under Pressure
Views:
UK: 35
EN: 61
RU: 43
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for LINCOLN
122
Browse 122 LINCOLN manuals: repair procedures, diagnostics, wiring diagrams, component locations, service data and Labor Times by year, model and trim.
LINCOLN
-
LINCOLN: 2023
-
Corsair
-
LINCOLN: 2022
-
LINCOLN: 2021
-
LINCOLN: 2020
-
Continental
- Base, AWD
- Base, FWD
- Black Label, 2.7L Eng VIN P · 2.7L Eng VIN P2020: Continental Black Label
- Black Label, 3.0L Eng VIN C · 3.0L Eng VIN C2020: Continental Black Label
- Livery, AWD
- Livery, FWD
- Reserve, 2.7L Eng VIN P, AWD
- Reserve, 2.7L Eng VIN P, FWD
- Reserve, 3.0L Eng VIN C · 3.0L Eng VIN C2020: Continental Reserve
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Code
P1228
MERCEDES-BENZ
P — Powertrain
yet unknown code on 1997 C 220 CDI
Views:
UK: 24
EN: 30
RU: 31
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for MERCEDES-BENZ
133
Browse 133 MERCEDES-BENZ manuals: repair procedures, diagnostics, wiring diagrams, component locations, service data and Labor Times by year, model and trim.
MERCEDES-BENZ
-
MERCEDES-BENZ: 2021
-
GLE53 AMG
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MERCEDES-BENZ: 2020
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A35 AMG
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A220
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C43 AMG
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C63 AMG
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C63 S AMG
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CLA35 AMG
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CLA45 AMG
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CLA250
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CLS53 AMG
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CLS450
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E53 AMG
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E350
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G63 AMG
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G550
-
GLB250
-
GLC43 AMG
-
GLC63 AMG
-
GLC63 S AMG
-
GLC350e
-
GLE350
-
GLE450
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GLE580
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GLS450
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GLS580
-
GT 53 AMG
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GT 63 AMG
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GT 63 S AMG
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GT AMG
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Maybach S560
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Maybach S650
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S450
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S560e
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SL450
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SL550
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SLC43 AMG
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SLC300
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Sprinter 1500
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Sprinter 2500
- Van Cargo, 2.0L Eng · 2.0L Eng2020: Sprinter 2500 Van Cargo
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- Van Cargo Extended, 2.1L Eng · 2.1L Eng2020: Sprinter 2500 Van Cargo Extended
- Van Cargo Extended, 3.0L Eng, 4WD
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- Van Crew, 2.0L Eng · 2.0L Eng2020: Sprinter 2500 Van Crew
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-
Sprinter 3500
- Van Cargo, 2.1L Eng · 2.1L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500 Van Cargo
- Van Cargo, 3.0L Eng, 4WD
- Van Cargo, 3.0L Eng, RWD
- Van Cargo Extended, 2.1L Eng · 2.1L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500 Van Cargo Extended
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- Van Cargo Extended, 3.0L Eng, RWD
- Van Crew, 2.1L Eng · 2.1L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500 Van Crew
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Sprinter 3500XD
- 2D Cab Chassis, 2.1L Eng · 2.1L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500XD 2D Cab Chassis
- 2D Cab Chassis, 3.0L Eng · 3.0L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500XD 2D Cab Chassis
- 2D Cab Chassis Extended, 2.1L Eng · 2.1L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500XD 2D Cab Chassis Extended
- 2D Cab Chassis Extended, 3.0L Eng · 3.0L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500XD 2D Cab Chassis Extended
- Van Cargo, 2.1L Eng · 2.1L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500XD Van Cargo
- Van Cargo, 3.0L Eng, 4WD
- Van Cargo, 3.0L Eng, RWD
- Van Cargo Extended, 2.1L Eng · 2.1L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500XD Van Cargo Extended
- Van Cargo Extended, 3.0L Eng, 4WD
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- Van Crew, 2.1L Eng · 2.1L Eng2020: Sprinter 3500XD Van Crew
- Van Crew, 3.0L Eng, 4WD
- Van Crew, 3.0L Eng, RWD
-
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Code
P1228
MERCURY
P — Powertrain
Wastegate Failed Open Under Pressure
Views:
UK: 36
EN: 51
RU: 40
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for MERCURY
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- LS, 4D Sedan, 3.0 S
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Villager
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MERCURY: 2000
-
Cougar
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Mountaineer
-
Villager
-
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Code
P1228
MITSUBISHI
P — Powertrain
ETV motor 2
Views:
UK: 23
EN: 34
RU: 31
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for MITSUBISHI
203
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MITSUBISHI: 2023
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MITSUBISHI: 2022
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MITSUBISHI: 2021
-
MITSUBISHI: 2020
-
Mirage G4
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Code
P1228
OLDSMOBILE
P — Powertrain
Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent
Views:
UK: 32
EN: 54
RU: 39
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
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Code
P1228
Other
P — Powertrain
Wastegate Failed Open (Under Pressure)
Views:
UK: 40
EN: 52
RU: 44
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Brands with available manuals
3,330
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Code
P1228
PORSCHE
P — Powertrain
Fuel injector, cylinder 4
Views:
UK: 17
EN: 17
RU: 20
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for PORSCHE
135
Browse 135 PORSCHE manuals: repair procedures, diagnostics, wiring diagrams, component locations, service data and Labor Times by year, model and trim.
PORSCHE
-
PORSCHE: 2021
-
718 Spyder
-
911
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Macan
-
PORSCHE: 2020
-
718 Spyder
-
Macan
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Code
P1228
SAAB
P — Powertrain
Injector Cyl. 4, Control Module Output, Short To Ground
Views:
UK: 19
EN: 18
RU: 21
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
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Code
P1228
SATURN
P — Powertrain
Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent
Views:
UK: 32
EN: 48
RU: 44
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
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Code
P1228
VOLKSWAGEN
P — Powertrain
Cylinder 4 Injector Circuit Short To Ground
Views:
UK: 36
EN: 49
RU: 49
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Broken or chafed wiring in injector 3 harness
- Corroded, loose or contaminated connector at injector 3
- Faulty fuel injector (intermittent internal open/short)
- Poor or intermittent ground or power supply to injector circuit
- Intermittent PCM/ECM driver or internal fault
- Aftermarket alarm/engine immobilizer or recent repair wiring incorrectly routed or spliced
Symptoms
- Check Engine light illuminated (may be intermittent)
- Possible rough idle or intermittent misfire on cylinder 3
- Reduced performance or hesitation under load
- Poor fuel economy if issue present long enough
- Intermittent starting issues in some cases
What to check
- Retrieve freeze frame and diagnostic data with a scan tool; confirm P1228 and any related codes (e.g., misfire P0303).
- Visually inspect wiring and connector at injector 3 for damage, corrosion, or loose pins.
- Perform wiggle test on harness while monitoring live data or DTC status to reproduce intermittent behavior.
- Check injector connector voltage: verify constant 12V (or battery voltage) supply and good ground switching signal with engine cranking/operating.
- Measure injector coil resistance with ohmmeter (engine off, connector disconnected).
- Use a noid light or lab scope to confirm injector drive pulses and waveform quality.
Signal parameters
- Battery supply voltage at injector supply terminal: ~11–14.5 V (key on/engine running).
- Low-side driver (PCM) output when not energized: open/high (injector supply provides battery voltage).
- Low-side driver when energized (pulse): near 0 V (ground) during pulse — measured as pulsed voltage at connector. Use oscilloscope for waveform.
- Typical injector coil resistance (varies by engine): ~2–16 Ω depending on low/high impedance design. Compare to factory spec.
- Pulse width: typically 1–10 ms depending on RPM/load (varies by engine and operating conditions).
Diagnostic algorithm
- Confirm DTC(s) and gather freeze-frame data with a scan tool; note engine conditions when fault set (temp, RPM, load).
- Visually inspect injector 3 connector and wiring for physical damage, corrosion, melted insulation or loose pins; repair or clean as required.
- With ignition OFF, disconnect injector 3 connector and measure injector resistance. Compare to spec. Replace if out of spec or intermittent when heated/cooled.
- With connector connected, backprobe the supply and driver terminals. Verify battery voltage on supply terminal (key ON).
- Crank or run engine and check the driver side for pulsed ground using a noid light or oscilloscope. Look for missing pulses or erratic waveform.
- Perform wiggle test on harness/connectors while monitoring for code reappearance or waveform interruption. Repair any wiring damage.
- Check continuity/resistance between injector connector and PCM pin for opens/shorts. Repair harness as necessary.
- Swap injector 3 with another cylinder; if the code follows the injector, replace the injector. If it stays on cylinder 3, focus on wiring/PCM.
- Inspect and verify PCM power and ground circuits and related fuses/relays. Replace or reprogram PCM only after wiring and injector verified.
- Clear codes and perform road test under the same conditions as freeze-frame to verify repair. Re-scan to confirm no reoccurrence.
Likely causes
- Damaged or pinched harness near the cylinder head or firewall
- Corrosion inside the injector electrical connector (water intrusion)
- Injector coil intermittent failure (opens when hot)
- Connector terminals pushed out or poor contact
- Intermittent short to battery or to ground caused by rubbing wire
Fault status
Status
P1228 — Injector Circuit Cylinder 3 Intermittent: PCM detected an intermittent/open/short condition in the fuel injector circuit for cylinder 3.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for VOLKSWAGEN
139
Browse 139 VOLKSWAGEN manuals: repair procedures, diagnostics, wiring diagrams, component locations, service data and Labor Times by year, model and trim.
VOLKSWAGEN
-
VOLKSWAGEN: 2021
-
Atlas
- S, AWD
- S, FWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN P, AWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN P, FWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2021: Atlas SEL
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL Premium, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2021: Atlas SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 3.6L Eng VIN R · 3.6L Eng VIN R2021: Atlas SEL Premium
- SEL Premium R-Line
- SEL R-Line, AWD
- SEL R-Line, FWD
- SE R-Line, AWD
- SE R-Line, FWD
-
Atlas Cross Sport
- S, AWD
- S, FWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN C, AWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN C, FWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN E, AWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN E, FWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN C · 2.0L Eng VIN C2021: Atlas Cross Sport SEL
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN E, AWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN E, FWD
- SEL Premium, 2.0L Eng VIN C · 2.0L Eng VIN C2021: Atlas Cross Sport SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 3.6L Eng VIN E · 3.6L Eng VIN E2021: Atlas Cross Sport SEL Premium
- SEL Premium R-Line
- SEL R-Line, AWD
- SEL R-Line, FWD
- SE R-Line, AWD
- SE R-Line, FWD
-
VOLKSWAGEN: 2020
-
Atlas
- S, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2020: Atlas S
- S, 3.6L Eng VIN R · 3.6L Eng VIN R2020: Atlas S
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2020: Atlas SE
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2020: Atlas SEL
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL Premium
- SEL R-Line, AWD
- SEL R-Line, FWD
- SE R-Line, AWD
- SE R-Line, FWD
-
Atlas Cross Sport
- S, AWD
- S, FWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN C, AWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN C, FWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN E, AWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN E, FWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN C, AWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN C, FWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN E, AWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN E, FWD
- SEL Premium
- SEL Premium R-Line
- SEL R-Line, AWD
- SEL R-Line, FWD
- SE R-Line, AWD
- SE R-Line, FWD
-
Jetta
- GLI Autobahn, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI Autobahn, Standard Trans
- GLI S, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI S, Standard Trans
- R-Line, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Automatic Trans
- R-Line, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Standard Trans
- R-Line, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta R-Line
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Automatic Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Standard Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta S
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52020: Jetta SE
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta SE
- SEL, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52020: Jetta SEL
- SEL, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta SEL
- SEL Premium, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52020: Jetta SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta SEL Premium
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