Code
C102D
LAND ROVER
C — Chassis
High internal friction of the power steering
Views:
UK: 6
EN: 9
RU: 8
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Mechanical binding in steering rack or column
- Worn or contaminated power steering pump or hydraulic components
- Failed or weak electric power steering (EPS) motor or gearbox
- Damaged or contaminated steering rack seals or bearings
- Faulty torque sensor or steering angle sensor
- Poor electrical supply (low battery/charging voltage) to the steering assist system
Symptoms
- Increased steering effort at low speeds (heavy steering)
- Intermittent or reduced power assist; steering may revert to manual feel
- Steering warning or EPS indicator lamp illuminated
- Audible whining/grinding from pump or motor during steering
- Steering feel uneven, jerky, or binding through range
- Diagnostic trouble codes and freeze-frame data stored in chassis/steering module
What to check
- Read stored DTCs and freeze-frame data with a suitable diagnostic tool
- Check battery voltage and charging system under load (while steering)
- Visually inspect steering rack, column, tie rods, and bushings for corrosion, damage, or binding
- Inspect wiring harnesses and connectors to steering motor/torque sensor for damage, corrosion, poor pins or grounds
- If hydraulic: check fluid level, condition and for contamination/leaks
- Operate steering at key-on and engine running while monitoring live data (motor current, assist demand, torque sensor)
Signal parameters
- EPS motor current (A) — elevated current indicates excess friction or motor load
- Assist command / demanded torque (%) or Nm
- Torque sensor output voltage or torque sensor live value (mV/V or Nm)
- Steering angle sensor output (degrees) and rate of change
- Supply voltage (V) to steering module/motor during operation
- Motor duty cycle or PWM command (%)
Diagnostic algorithm
- Capture and record all stored codes, freeze-frame and live data from the steering/chassis module. Note conditions when the fault set (speed, temperature, load).
- Verify battery and charging system health. Ensure proper supply voltage (nominal ~12–14.5 V) during steering operation. Retest after correcting any battery/charging issues.
- Perform a visual and physical inspection of steering mechanical components (rack, pinion, column, tie rods, bushings) for binding, wear, corrosion or foreign debris. Repair or replace as required.
- Inspect wiring, grounds and connectors to steering motor, torque sensor and steering module. Repair corroded pins, damaged wires or poor grounds; re-test for code return.
- 5a) For electric power steering: use a diagnostic tool to monitor motor current, commanded assist and torque sensor while an assistant slowly turns the steering. High motor current with normal command indicates motor/gearbox friction; inspect motor, gearbox and bearings.
- 5b) For hydraulic power steering: check fluid level/condition, pressure and pump operation. Contaminated fluid or failing pump can increase internal friction; flush/replace fluid and test pump pressure.
- Check steering angle sensor and torque sensor calibration. Recalibrate or perform steering angle/torque sensor adaptations per manufacturer procedure if out-of-spec.
- If tests point to a failing EPS motor or internal rack friction and mechanical checks are normal, remove and bench-test or replace the steering motor/rack assembly per workshop procedure.
- After repair, clear codes and perform road test and module adaptations. Verify live data returns to normal and C102D does not reappear.
- If fault persists after mechanical and electrical repairs, consider module/software updates or module replacement following manufacturer guidance.
Likely causes
- Binding or seized rack inner tie-rod, rack bushings or column bearings
- Excessive friction from deteriorated power steering fluid or contamination (hydraulic systems)
- High motor current due to worn EPS motor brushes or internal gearbox friction
- Torque sensor drift or failed steering angle sensor causing incorrect assist commands
- Poor battery/ground condition reducing available assist power
Fault status
Status
C102D — High internal friction detected in the power steering system. Increased motor current or resistance observed; steering assist may be reduced. Inspect mechanical and electrical components.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 1.5 - 3.0 hours
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