Code
C1616
Generic
C — Chassis
Steering Angle Sensor Circuit Malfunction
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Damaged or corroded wiring or connectors to the steering angle sensor
- Open or shorted signal, reference, or ground circuit
- Faulty steering angle sensor (internal electronics or pot/encoder)
- Loss of 5V reference or poor ground at sensor
- Sensor misalignment or loss of calibration after service or battery disconnect
- Intermittent connector contact caused by steering column movement
Symptoms
- Illumination of ABS/ESC/traction control warning lights
- Loss or alteration of stability control/traction control functionality
- Fault code stored and possibly intermittent faults
- Possible steering-related warnings or messages
- Vehicle behavior may feel normal at low speeds but systems disabled
What to check
- Scan for stored codes, pending codes, and freeze frame data; note occurrence conditions
- Verify ignition state/testing mode required for sensor measurements (Key ON, engine OFF as specified)
- Visually inspect connector and wiring at the steering angle sensor and along the column for damage, chafing, corrosion
- Check for proper 5 V reference and ground at sensor connector with a multimeter
- Backprobe signal outputs and observe voltage or digital output while turning steering wheel
- Check for communication errors on CAN bus between sensor/module and ABS/ESC module
Signal parameters
- Reference supply typically 5 V (verify vehicle-specific value)
- Sensor outputs often 0.5–4.5 V (analog) or differential quadrature signals for digital encoders
- Common design uses two channels (A/B) out of phase for redundancy; angle corresponds to phase/voltage
- Output should vary smoothly with steering wheel rotation; no sudden dropouts or noise
- If digital, CAN or LIN messages containing steering angle should be present and updated with wheel movement
Diagnostic algorithm
- Read and record all related DTCs (ABS, ESC, EPS) and freeze frame data.
- Inspect the sensor connector for corrosion, bent pins, or water entry. Securely reseat connector.
- With harness exposed, wiggle wiring while monitoring for changes in signal or DTCs to locate intermittent faults.
- Measure reference voltage and ground at the sensor connector; confirm within spec. Repair wiring or ground as needed.
- Backprobe signal lines and observe voltage behavior while slowly turning the steering wheel. Look for smooth, continuous change; note any dropouts, jumps, or identical channel outputs (loss of redundancy).
- If analog signals are out of range or show faults, check continuity between sensor and module; repair shorts/opens.
- If wiring and voltages are good but signals are implausible, consider replacing the steering angle sensor.
- After repair or replacement, perform required steering angle sensor calibration/zero-point learn procedure with a scan tool (many systems require this).
- Clear codes and perform a road test to verify the code does not return and affected systems operate normally.
- If fault persists after sensor replacement and calibration, test or replace the controlling module and verify CAN bus integrity.
Likely causes
- Broken/shorted wire in harness where it flexes in the column
- Connector pins corroded or pushed out
- Failed sensor electronics (common after crash or long service life)
- Failed 5V reference from ECU or poor ground at chassis
- Steering angle sensor not calibrated after removal or battery replacement
Fault status
Status
Steering angle sensor circuit malfunction detected — sensor signal out of expected range or communication lost.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
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Code
C1616
HYUNDAI
C — Chassis
CAN Bus OFF | CAN Bus OFF(C-CAN) | C-CAN Bus OFF | CAN Bus Off | CAN Communication Bus Off
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Damaged or corroded wiring or connectors to the steering angle sensor
- Open or shorted signal, reference, or ground circuit
- Faulty steering angle sensor (internal electronics or pot/encoder)
- Loss of 5V reference or poor ground at sensor
- Sensor misalignment or loss of calibration after service or battery disconnect
- Intermittent connector contact caused by steering column movement
Symptoms
- Illumination of ABS/ESC/traction control warning lights
- Loss or alteration of stability control/traction control functionality
- Fault code stored and possibly intermittent faults
- Possible steering-related warnings or messages
- Vehicle behavior may feel normal at low speeds but systems disabled
What to check
- Scan for stored codes, pending codes, and freeze frame data; note occurrence conditions
- Verify ignition state/testing mode required for sensor measurements (Key ON, engine OFF as specified)
- Visually inspect connector and wiring at the steering angle sensor and along the column for damage, chafing, corrosion
- Check for proper 5 V reference and ground at sensor connector with a multimeter
- Backprobe signal outputs and observe voltage or digital output while turning steering wheel
- Check for communication errors on CAN bus between sensor/module and ABS/ESC module
Signal parameters
- Reference supply typically 5 V (verify vehicle-specific value)
- Sensor outputs often 0.5–4.5 V (analog) or differential quadrature signals for digital encoders
- Common design uses two channels (A/B) out of phase for redundancy; angle corresponds to phase/voltage
- Output should vary smoothly with steering wheel rotation; no sudden dropouts or noise
- If digital, CAN or LIN messages containing steering angle should be present and updated with wheel movement
Diagnostic algorithm
- Read and record all related DTCs (ABS, ESC, EPS) and freeze frame data.
- Inspect the sensor connector for corrosion, bent pins, or water entry. Securely reseat connector.
- With harness exposed, wiggle wiring while monitoring for changes in signal or DTCs to locate intermittent faults.
- Measure reference voltage and ground at the sensor connector; confirm within spec. Repair wiring or ground as needed.
- Backprobe signal lines and observe voltage behavior while slowly turning the steering wheel. Look for smooth, continuous change; note any dropouts, jumps, or identical channel outputs (loss of redundancy).
- If analog signals are out of range or show faults, check continuity between sensor and module; repair shorts/opens.
- If wiring and voltages are good but signals are implausible, consider replacing the steering angle sensor.
- After repair or replacement, perform required steering angle sensor calibration/zero-point learn procedure with a scan tool (many systems require this).
- Clear codes and perform a road test to verify the code does not return and affected systems operate normally.
- If fault persists after sensor replacement and calibration, test or replace the controlling module and verify CAN bus integrity.
Likely causes
- Broken/shorted wire in harness where it flexes in the column
- Connector pins corroded or pushed out
- Failed sensor electronics (common after crash or long service life)
- Failed 5V reference from ECU or poor ground at chassis
- Steering angle sensor not calibrated after removal or battery replacement
Fault status
Status
Steering angle sensor circuit malfunction detected — sensor signal out of expected range or communication lost.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for HYUNDAI
371
Browse 371 HYUNDAI manuals: repair procedures, diagnostics, wiring diagrams, component locations, service data and Labor Times by year, model and trim.
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