Code
P0231
Generic
P — Powertrain
Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Blown fuse or faulty fuel pump relay in the pump supply/control circuit
- Corroded, loose, damaged or shorted wiring/connectors between fuse/relay/PCM and pump
- Poor or missing ground at fuel pump or control module
- Weak battery or poor main power distribution (voltage drop under load)
- Failed fuel pump (high internal resistance or open winding) or fuel pump module
- Faulty fuel pump control module (FPDM) or PCM driver output
Symptoms
- No fuel pump prime with key ON or pump does not run
- Hard starting, long crank or no-start condition
- Engine stalling or loss of power under load
- Diminished fuel pressure and poor acceleration
- Check Engine Light illuminated with P0231 stored
What to check
- Confirm DTC, freeze frame data and any related codes with a scan tool
- Visually inspect pump connectors, wiring harness, fuse(s) and relay(s) for corrosion, damage or loose terminals
- Check battery state of charge and system voltage before and during cranking
- Backprobe fuel pump power and ground pins; measure voltage with key ON and while cranking
- Measure fuel pump current draw with a clamp meter while pump runs
- Check resistance of pump motor and compare to specification
Signal parameters
- Supply voltage to pump (key ON): should be close to battery voltage (≈12.0–13.5 V)
- Voltage at pump under cranking or while running should not fall below ~9 V (excessive drop indicates high resistance or weak supply)
- Fuel pump current draw: typically several amps; common in-tank pumps often draw ~3–15 A depending on design (refer to vehicle spec)
- Control/driver may be low-side switched by PCM/FPDM (ground switching) or high-side supply switched by relay — expect either steady battery voltage on supply pin or PWM/ground on control pin per manufacturer
- Pump motor resistance: usually low (ohms). A very high or infinite resistance indicates an open winding; very low may indicate shorted winding (check service manual)
Diagnostic algorithm
- Record DTC(s) and freeze-frame data. Note conditions when code set (key on, cranking, running).
- Safety: disable ignition when accessing fuel pump harness if required by procedure; relieve fuel system pressure only per service manual.
- Visually inspect harness, connectors, fuse(s) and relay(s) for damage, corrosion or loose pins at pump, relay/fuse box and PCM/FPDM.
- Verify battery voltage at battery posts. Recharge or replace weak battery before further testing.
- With key ON (engine off), backprobe the pump power and ground terminals. Confirm presence of expected supply voltage or control signal. If no supply, check fuse and relay operation.
- If supply present but pump not running, cranking: measure voltage at pump under load and measure pump current with clamp meter. Compare to expected ranges. Significant voltage drop or low current suggests high resistance or bad pump.
- If no voltage at pump but relay coil is not powered, test relay socket, relay coil and associated fuse. Apply battery power to relay output to verify pump operation (bench test) if safe to do so.
- Wiggle test wiring while monitoring voltage/current to identify intermittent open/short. Repair damaged wires/connectors and retest.
- If wiring, fuses and relay are good and pump motor is within spec, test PCM/FPDM driver output with a scope or refer to manufacturer test routine. Replace control module only after confirming external circuit integrity.
- After repairs, clear codes, verify pump operation, re-run readiness/self-tests and perform road test to confirm fix.
Likely causes
- Corroded/loose connector at in-tank pump or pump module
- Faulty or sticking fuel pump relay or blown inline fuse
- High-resistance ground or supply causing voltage drop under load
- Failed fuel pump motor drawing abnormal current or open circuit
- Damaged wiring shorted to ground between relay and pump
Fault status
Status
Fuel pump secondary circuit low voltage detected — low or missing supply/control voltage to the fuel pump circuit.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-3.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
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Code
P0231
GWM
P — Powertrain
- Fuel Pipe Secondary Low
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Blown fuse or faulty fuel pump relay in the pump supply/control circuit
- Corroded, loose, damaged or shorted wiring/connectors between fuse/relay/PCM and pump
- Poor or missing ground at fuel pump or control module
- Weak battery or poor main power distribution (voltage drop under load)
- Failed fuel pump (high internal resistance or open winding) or fuel pump module
- Faulty fuel pump control module (FPDM) or PCM driver output
Symptoms
- No fuel pump prime with key ON or pump does not run
- Hard starting, long crank or no-start condition
- Engine stalling or loss of power under load
- Diminished fuel pressure and poor acceleration
- Check Engine Light illuminated with P0231 stored
What to check
- Confirm DTC, freeze frame data and any related codes with a scan tool
- Visually inspect pump connectors, wiring harness, fuse(s) and relay(s) for corrosion, damage or loose terminals
- Check battery state of charge and system voltage before and during cranking
- Backprobe fuel pump power and ground pins; measure voltage with key ON and while cranking
- Measure fuel pump current draw with a clamp meter while pump runs
- Check resistance of pump motor and compare to specification
Signal parameters
- Supply voltage to pump (key ON): should be close to battery voltage (≈12.0–13.5 V)
- Voltage at pump under cranking or while running should not fall below ~9 V (excessive drop indicates high resistance or weak supply)
- Fuel pump current draw: typically several amps; common in-tank pumps often draw ~3–15 A depending on design (refer to vehicle spec)
- Control/driver may be low-side switched by PCM/FPDM (ground switching) or high-side supply switched by relay — expect either steady battery voltage on supply pin or PWM/ground on control pin per manufacturer
- Pump motor resistance: usually low (ohms). A very high or infinite resistance indicates an open winding; very low may indicate shorted winding (check service manual)
Diagnostic algorithm
- Record DTC(s) and freeze-frame data. Note conditions when code set (key on, cranking, running).
- Safety: disable ignition when accessing fuel pump harness if required by procedure; relieve fuel system pressure only per service manual.
- Visually inspect harness, connectors, fuse(s) and relay(s) for damage, corrosion or loose pins at pump, relay/fuse box and PCM/FPDM.
- Verify battery voltage at battery posts. Recharge or replace weak battery before further testing.
- With key ON (engine off), backprobe the pump power and ground terminals. Confirm presence of expected supply voltage or control signal. If no supply, check fuse and relay operation.
- If supply present but pump not running, cranking: measure voltage at pump under load and measure pump current with clamp meter. Compare to expected ranges. Significant voltage drop or low current suggests high resistance or bad pump.
- If no voltage at pump but relay coil is not powered, test relay socket, relay coil and associated fuse. Apply battery power to relay output to verify pump operation (bench test) if safe to do so.
- Wiggle test wiring while monitoring voltage/current to identify intermittent open/short. Repair damaged wires/connectors and retest.
- If wiring, fuses and relay are good and pump motor is within spec, test PCM/FPDM driver output with a scope or refer to manufacturer test routine. Replace control module only after confirming external circuit integrity.
- After repairs, clear codes, verify pump operation, re-run readiness/self-tests and perform road test to confirm fix.
Likely causes
- Corroded/loose connector at in-tank pump or pump module
- Faulty or sticking fuel pump relay or blown inline fuse
- High-resistance ground or supply causing voltage drop under load
- Failed fuel pump motor drawing abnormal current or open circuit
- Damaged wiring shorted to ground between relay and pump
Fault status
Status
Fuel pump secondary circuit low voltage detected — low or missing supply/control voltage to the fuel pump circuit.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-3.0 hours
Similar codes
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Code
P0231
HUMMER
P — Powertrain
Fuel Pump Feedback Circuit Low Voltage
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Blown fuse or faulty fuel pump relay in the pump supply/control circuit
- Corroded, loose, damaged or shorted wiring/connectors between fuse/relay/PCM and pump
- Poor or missing ground at fuel pump or control module
- Weak battery or poor main power distribution (voltage drop under load)
- Failed fuel pump (high internal resistance or open winding) or fuel pump module
- Faulty fuel pump control module (FPDM) or PCM driver output
Symptoms
- No fuel pump prime with key ON or pump does not run
- Hard starting, long crank or no-start condition
- Engine stalling or loss of power under load
- Diminished fuel pressure and poor acceleration
- Check Engine Light illuminated with P0231 stored
What to check
- Confirm DTC, freeze frame data and any related codes with a scan tool
- Visually inspect pump connectors, wiring harness, fuse(s) and relay(s) for corrosion, damage or loose terminals
- Check battery state of charge and system voltage before and during cranking
- Backprobe fuel pump power and ground pins; measure voltage with key ON and while cranking
- Measure fuel pump current draw with a clamp meter while pump runs
- Check resistance of pump motor and compare to specification
Signal parameters
- Supply voltage to pump (key ON): should be close to battery voltage (≈12.0–13.5 V)
- Voltage at pump under cranking or while running should not fall below ~9 V (excessive drop indicates high resistance or weak supply)
- Fuel pump current draw: typically several amps; common in-tank pumps often draw ~3–15 A depending on design (refer to vehicle spec)
- Control/driver may be low-side switched by PCM/FPDM (ground switching) or high-side supply switched by relay — expect either steady battery voltage on supply pin or PWM/ground on control pin per manufacturer
- Pump motor resistance: usually low (ohms). A very high or infinite resistance indicates an open winding; very low may indicate shorted winding (check service manual)
Diagnostic algorithm
- Record DTC(s) and freeze-frame data. Note conditions when code set (key on, cranking, running).
- Safety: disable ignition when accessing fuel pump harness if required by procedure; relieve fuel system pressure only per service manual.
- Visually inspect harness, connectors, fuse(s) and relay(s) for damage, corrosion or loose pins at pump, relay/fuse box and PCM/FPDM.
- Verify battery voltage at battery posts. Recharge or replace weak battery before further testing.
- With key ON (engine off), backprobe the pump power and ground terminals. Confirm presence of expected supply voltage or control signal. If no supply, check fuse and relay operation.
- If supply present but pump not running, cranking: measure voltage at pump under load and measure pump current with clamp meter. Compare to expected ranges. Significant voltage drop or low current suggests high resistance or bad pump.
- If no voltage at pump but relay coil is not powered, test relay socket, relay coil and associated fuse. Apply battery power to relay output to verify pump operation (bench test) if safe to do so.
- Wiggle test wiring while monitoring voltage/current to identify intermittent open/short. Repair damaged wires/connectors and retest.
- If wiring, fuses and relay are good and pump motor is within spec, test PCM/FPDM driver output with a scope or refer to manufacturer test routine. Replace control module only after confirming external circuit integrity.
- After repairs, clear codes, verify pump operation, re-run readiness/self-tests and perform road test to confirm fix.
Likely causes
- Corroded/loose connector at in-tank pump or pump module
- Faulty or sticking fuel pump relay or blown inline fuse
- High-resistance ground or supply causing voltage drop under load
- Failed fuel pump motor drawing abnormal current or open circuit
- Damaged wiring shorted to ground between relay and pump
Fault status
Status
Fuel pump secondary circuit low voltage detected — low or missing supply/control voltage to the fuel pump circuit.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-3.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for HUMMER
138
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Code
P0231
MITSUBISHI
P — Powertrain
Fuel pressure up solenoid
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Blown fuse or faulty fuel pump relay in the pump supply/control circuit
- Corroded, loose, damaged or shorted wiring/connectors between fuse/relay/PCM and pump
- Poor or missing ground at fuel pump or control module
- Weak battery or poor main power distribution (voltage drop under load)
- Failed fuel pump (high internal resistance or open winding) or fuel pump module
- Faulty fuel pump control module (FPDM) or PCM driver output
Symptoms
- No fuel pump prime with key ON or pump does not run
- Hard starting, long crank or no-start condition
- Engine stalling or loss of power under load
- Diminished fuel pressure and poor acceleration
- Check Engine Light illuminated with P0231 stored
What to check
- Confirm DTC, freeze frame data and any related codes with a scan tool
- Visually inspect pump connectors, wiring harness, fuse(s) and relay(s) for corrosion, damage or loose terminals
- Check battery state of charge and system voltage before and during cranking
- Backprobe fuel pump power and ground pins; measure voltage with key ON and while cranking
- Measure fuel pump current draw with a clamp meter while pump runs
- Check resistance of pump motor and compare to specification
Signal parameters
- Supply voltage to pump (key ON): should be close to battery voltage (≈12.0–13.5 V)
- Voltage at pump under cranking or while running should not fall below ~9 V (excessive drop indicates high resistance or weak supply)
- Fuel pump current draw: typically several amps; common in-tank pumps often draw ~3–15 A depending on design (refer to vehicle spec)
- Control/driver may be low-side switched by PCM/FPDM (ground switching) or high-side supply switched by relay — expect either steady battery voltage on supply pin or PWM/ground on control pin per manufacturer
- Pump motor resistance: usually low (ohms). A very high or infinite resistance indicates an open winding; very low may indicate shorted winding (check service manual)
Diagnostic algorithm
- Record DTC(s) and freeze-frame data. Note conditions when code set (key on, cranking, running).
- Safety: disable ignition when accessing fuel pump harness if required by procedure; relieve fuel system pressure only per service manual.
- Visually inspect harness, connectors, fuse(s) and relay(s) for damage, corrosion or loose pins at pump, relay/fuse box and PCM/FPDM.
- Verify battery voltage at battery posts. Recharge or replace weak battery before further testing.
- With key ON (engine off), backprobe the pump power and ground terminals. Confirm presence of expected supply voltage or control signal. If no supply, check fuse and relay operation.
- If supply present but pump not running, cranking: measure voltage at pump under load and measure pump current with clamp meter. Compare to expected ranges. Significant voltage drop or low current suggests high resistance or bad pump.
- If no voltage at pump but relay coil is not powered, test relay socket, relay coil and associated fuse. Apply battery power to relay output to verify pump operation (bench test) if safe to do so.
- Wiggle test wiring while monitoring voltage/current to identify intermittent open/short. Repair damaged wires/connectors and retest.
- If wiring, fuses and relay are good and pump motor is within spec, test PCM/FPDM driver output with a scope or refer to manufacturer test routine. Replace control module only after confirming external circuit integrity.
- After repairs, clear codes, verify pump operation, re-run readiness/self-tests and perform road test to confirm fix.
Likely causes
- Corroded/loose connector at in-tank pump or pump module
- Faulty or sticking fuel pump relay or blown inline fuse
- High-resistance ground or supply causing voltage drop under load
- Failed fuel pump motor drawing abnormal current or open circuit
- Damaged wiring shorted to ground between relay and pump
Fault status
Status
Fuel pump secondary circuit low voltage detected — low or missing supply/control voltage to the fuel pump circuit.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-3.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for MITSUBISHI
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- ES, AWD
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- ES, FWD
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- LE, AWD
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