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Home / DTC / P2291 — Injector Control Pressure Too Low - Engine Cranking

P2291 — Injector Control Pressure Too Low - Engine Cranking

Detailed page for trouble code P2291.

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P2291

Generic P — Powertrain

Injector Control Pressure Too Low - Engine Cranking

Brand: Generic
Type: P — Powertrain
AI status
Completed
ready
Completed 100%
Page language: EN

Causes

  • Low fuel supply pressure from failed fuel pump or low‑pressure pump
  • Clogged fuel filter, restriction in feed lines, or collapsed/blocked fuel hoses
  • Faulty injector control pressure regulator/solenoid or mechanical pressure relief device
  • Faulty ICP/fuel rail pressure sensor or contaminated sensor
  • Open/short/corroded wiring or poor connector connection to ICP sensor, regulator, or PCM
  • Fuel rail leak or leaking injector(s) causing loss of pressure

Symptoms

  • Long cranking time or no‑start condition
  • Engine cranks but will not start or starts very slowly
  • MIL (check engine light) may be illuminated or stored pending code
  • Rough running or stumbling immediately after start (if it starts)
  • Possible fuel odor or visible fuel leak in severe cases

What to check

  • Confirm customer complaint and any freeze‑frame data; note when code sets (cranking vs running)
  • Scan and record ICP/fuel rail pressure values during cranking with a capable scan tool
  • Check for other stored or pending DTCs that may point to fuel delivery, injector, or sensor circuits
  • Visually inspect wiring and connectors at ICP sensor, pressure regulator/solenoid, fuel pump, and PCM for damage or corrosion
  • Listen for fuel pump prime when key is turned ON; verify pump electrical supply and ground
  • Inspect and, if accessible, check/replace fuel filter and check fuel lines for kinks/restrictions

Signal parameters

  • ICP/fuel rail pressure: expected values vary by engine and manufacturer—consult the vehicle service manual for specific kPa/psi/Bar targets during cranking
  • ICP sensor electrical: typically a 5 V reference supply and ground from PCM; sensor signal commonly in the range of ~0.5–4.5 V depending on pressure (varies by sensor) — verify exact voltages in service manual
  • PCM threshold: PCM expects ICP above a defined cranking threshold (varies by vehicle); if signal below threshold while cranking the code is set
  • Note: exact numeric pressure and voltage values vary by make/model; always confirm factory specs before replacing parts

Diagnostic algorithm

  1. Retrieve all codes and freeze frame data; note engine temperature and battery voltage during cranking.
  2. With a scan tool capable of live data, command a crank (or have an assistant crank) and observe ICP/fuel rail pressure and the ICP sensor voltage during cranking. Record values.
  3. Verify fuel pump operation: key ON should prime pump and provide correct pump voltage and ground. Back‑probe pump connector and measure voltage while cranking.
  4. Measure actual fuel pressure with an appropriate gauge at the rail or test port during cranking. Compare to factory cranking specification.
  5. If fuel pressure is low but pump electrical is good, check fuel filter, feed lines, and inlet screen for restriction; repair/replace as needed.
  6. If mechanical fuel pressure is adequate but ICP signal is low, inspect ICP sensor wiring and connector for opens, shorts to ground/power, or corrosion. Repair any wiring faults.
  7. Test ICP sensor output by measuring signal voltage while applying known pressure (or simulating with regulated pressure) or compare to known good sensor. Replace sensor if out of specification.
  8. If ICP regulator/solenoid is present, check its resistance and PCM control (apply appropriate bench or commanded tests); replace if faulty.
  9. If wiring, pump, sensor, regulator and mechanical fuel supply are all good, consider PCM communication/grounding issues or PCM replacement only after confirming other components.
  10. Clear codes and perform cranking tests to confirm repair. Monitor for reappearance of P2291.

Likely causes

  • Failed/weak fuel pump or loss of pump power
  • Clogged fuel filter or inlet restriction
  • Faulty ICP sensor or sensor wiring/connector
  • Faulty injector control pressure regulator/solenoid

Fault status

⚠️ Status
Stored when the PCM detects injector control (fuel rail) pressure below the expected threshold during engine cranking. The MIL may be set or the code stored as pending depending on conditions and manufacturer strategy.
🟡 Repair difficulty: Medium
⏱️ Diagnostic time: 1.0-3.0 hours

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Code

P2291

LAND ROVER P — Powertrain

Injector control pressure too low during engine start

Brand: LAND ROVER
Type: P — Powertrain
AI status
Completed
ready
Completed 100%
Page language: EN

Causes

  • Low fuel supply pressure from failed fuel pump or low‑pressure pump
  • Clogged fuel filter, restriction in feed lines, or collapsed/blocked fuel hoses
  • Faulty injector control pressure regulator/solenoid or mechanical pressure relief device
  • Faulty ICP/fuel rail pressure sensor or contaminated sensor
  • Open/short/corroded wiring or poor connector connection to ICP sensor, regulator, or PCM
  • Fuel rail leak or leaking injector(s) causing loss of pressure

Symptoms

  • Long cranking time or no‑start condition
  • Engine cranks but will not start or starts very slowly
  • MIL (check engine light) may be illuminated or stored pending code
  • Rough running or stumbling immediately after start (if it starts)
  • Possible fuel odor or visible fuel leak in severe cases

What to check

  • Confirm customer complaint and any freeze‑frame data; note when code sets (cranking vs running)
  • Scan and record ICP/fuel rail pressure values during cranking with a capable scan tool
  • Check for other stored or pending DTCs that may point to fuel delivery, injector, or sensor circuits
  • Visually inspect wiring and connectors at ICP sensor, pressure regulator/solenoid, fuel pump, and PCM for damage or corrosion
  • Listen for fuel pump prime when key is turned ON; verify pump electrical supply and ground
  • Inspect and, if accessible, check/replace fuel filter and check fuel lines for kinks/restrictions

Signal parameters

  • ICP/fuel rail pressure: expected values vary by engine and manufacturer—consult the vehicle service manual for specific kPa/psi/Bar targets during cranking
  • ICP sensor electrical: typically a 5 V reference supply and ground from PCM; sensor signal commonly in the range of ~0.5–4.5 V depending on pressure (varies by sensor) — verify exact voltages in service manual
  • PCM threshold: PCM expects ICP above a defined cranking threshold (varies by vehicle); if signal below threshold while cranking the code is set
  • Note: exact numeric pressure and voltage values vary by make/model; always confirm factory specs before replacing parts

Diagnostic algorithm

  1. Retrieve all codes and freeze frame data; note engine temperature and battery voltage during cranking.
  2. With a scan tool capable of live data, command a crank (or have an assistant crank) and observe ICP/fuel rail pressure and the ICP sensor voltage during cranking. Record values.
  3. Verify fuel pump operation: key ON should prime pump and provide correct pump voltage and ground. Back‑probe pump connector and measure voltage while cranking.
  4. Measure actual fuel pressure with an appropriate gauge at the rail or test port during cranking. Compare to factory cranking specification.
  5. If fuel pressure is low but pump electrical is good, check fuel filter, feed lines, and inlet screen for restriction; repair/replace as needed.
  6. If mechanical fuel pressure is adequate but ICP signal is low, inspect ICP sensor wiring and connector for opens, shorts to ground/power, or corrosion. Repair any wiring faults.
  7. Test ICP sensor output by measuring signal voltage while applying known pressure (or simulating with regulated pressure) or compare to known good sensor. Replace sensor if out of specification.
  8. If ICP regulator/solenoid is present, check its resistance and PCM control (apply appropriate bench or commanded tests); replace if faulty.
  9. If wiring, pump, sensor, regulator and mechanical fuel supply are all good, consider PCM communication/grounding issues or PCM replacement only after confirming other components.
  10. Clear codes and perform cranking tests to confirm repair. Monitor for reappearance of P2291.

Likely causes

  • Failed/weak fuel pump or loss of pump power
  • Clogged fuel filter or inlet restriction
  • Faulty ICP sensor or sensor wiring/connector
  • Faulty injector control pressure regulator/solenoid

Fault status

⚠️ Status
Stored when the PCM detects injector control (fuel rail) pressure below the expected threshold during engine cranking. The MIL may be set or the code stored as pending depending on conditions and manufacturer strategy.
🟡 Repair difficulty: Medium
⏱️ Diagnostic time: 1.0-3.0 hours

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P0087 P0191 P0200 P0251 P0193
320

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