Code
P1616
DAEWOO
P — Powertrain
Main relay mal
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Faulty main (engine) relay (contacts stuck open/closed or coil failure)
- Blown fuse or fusible link in the ECU power feed
- Poor battery voltage or weak battery
- Corroded/loose relay socket or connector pins
- Damaged wiring or open/short to relay control or power circuits
- Faulty ground connection for ECM or relay coil
Symptoms
- MIL/Check Engine Lamp illuminated
- Engine cranks but will not start or intermittent no-start
- Complete loss of engine power or stalling
- No fuel pump or injector pulse when key is ON/CRANK
- Intermittent ECU power or resetting while driving
- Accessory or electrical anomalies tied to ECU feed
What to check
- Read and record freeze frame / stored codes; clear and retest
- Visual inspection of main relay, fuse box, relays and wiring for corrosion, overheating or damage
- Check battery voltage (should be ~12.4–12.8 V at rest; >11 V while cranking)
- Verify main relay presence and correct seating in socket; inspect pins
- Check ECU power and ground pins for battery voltage and good ground with key ON
- Swap main relay with a known-good relay of same type (if available) and retest
Signal parameters
- Relay coil control voltage: should be ~12 V when relay is commanded ON (key ON/START or ECU command)
- Relay output (supply) voltage: battery voltage (~12 V) present at relay output when energized
- Coil resistance: typical small-relay coil tens to a few hundred ohms (verify with service data)
- No-voltage condition: if relay not energized, relay output should be near 0 V relative to battery ground
- Continuity: low resistance between battery positive and ECM supply pin when relay closed
Diagnostic algorithm
- Connect scan tool, read freeze frame and pending codes. Note when and under what conditions code set.
- Visually inspect main relay, relay socket and harness for corrosion, melting, or water ingress. Check related fuses and fusible links.
- Verify battery voltage. Recharge or replace weak battery before continuing.
- With ignition ON (engine OFF), measure voltage at the relay coil control terminal and at the relay supply terminal. Compare to battery voltage.
- Crank engine while monitoring relay coil/control voltage to confirm proper activation under cranking.
- If relay is not being commanded but should be, trace control circuit back to immobilizer and ECM outputs; check for anti-theft inhibiting signal.
- Manually energize the relay (or apply 12 V to relay coil) with proper precautions: verify relay output feeds ECU and that engine attempts to start. If engine starts with relay manually energized, suspect control circuit or relay driver.
- Swap the main relay with a known-good identical relay (if available) and retest to confirm relay vs. wiring/ECM fault.
- Check continuity and resistance of power feed from battery + to relay output and from relay output to ECM supply pin; check grounds for low resistance to chassis negative.
- If wiring and relay test good but problem persists, check ECM power input circuitry and immobilizer interface or consult manufacturer service data. Replace faulty components per service procedure.
- After repair, clear codes and perform a driving/starting cycle to verify the issue does not return.
Likely causes
- Worn or failed main relay
- Loose/corroded connector at relay or ECM
- Blown ECU power fuse
- Open/short in battery feed or relay control wire
- Bad ground at ECU/relay
- Intermittent immobilizer cut-off
Fault status
Status
Main relay malfunction detected — ECU power feed or relay control circuit fault. Inspect main relay, fuses, connectors, wiring and grounds; verify immobilizer/ECM control.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for DAEWOO
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DAEWOO: 2001
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- S, 2D Hatchback, Standard
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- S, 4D Sedan, Standard
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- CDX, 4D Wagon, Standard
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- SX, 4D Hatchback, Standard
- SX, 4D Sedan, Automatic
- SX, 4D Sedan, Standard
- SX, 4D Wagon, Automatic
- SX, 4D Wagon, Standard
-
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Code
P1616
KIA
P — Powertrain
Chassis Accelerator Sensor Signal Low Voltage
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Faulty main (engine) relay (contacts stuck open/closed or coil failure)
- Blown fuse or fusible link in the ECU power feed
- Poor battery voltage or weak battery
- Corroded/loose relay socket or connector pins
- Damaged wiring or open/short to relay control or power circuits
- Faulty ground connection for ECM or relay coil
Symptoms
- MIL/Check Engine Lamp illuminated
- Engine cranks but will not start or intermittent no-start
- Complete loss of engine power or stalling
- No fuel pump or injector pulse when key is ON/CRANK
- Intermittent ECU power or resetting while driving
- Accessory or electrical anomalies tied to ECU feed
What to check
- Read and record freeze frame / stored codes; clear and retest
- Visual inspection of main relay, fuse box, relays and wiring for corrosion, overheating or damage
- Check battery voltage (should be ~12.4–12.8 V at rest; >11 V while cranking)
- Verify main relay presence and correct seating in socket; inspect pins
- Check ECU power and ground pins for battery voltage and good ground with key ON
- Swap main relay with a known-good relay of same type (if available) and retest
Signal parameters
- Relay coil control voltage: should be ~12 V when relay is commanded ON (key ON/START or ECU command)
- Relay output (supply) voltage: battery voltage (~12 V) present at relay output when energized
- Coil resistance: typical small-relay coil tens to a few hundred ohms (verify with service data)
- No-voltage condition: if relay not energized, relay output should be near 0 V relative to battery ground
- Continuity: low resistance between battery positive and ECM supply pin when relay closed
Diagnostic algorithm
- Connect scan tool, read freeze frame and pending codes. Note when and under what conditions code set.
- Visually inspect main relay, relay socket and harness for corrosion, melting, or water ingress. Check related fuses and fusible links.
- Verify battery voltage. Recharge or replace weak battery before continuing.
- With ignition ON (engine OFF), measure voltage at the relay coil control terminal and at the relay supply terminal. Compare to battery voltage.
- Crank engine while monitoring relay coil/control voltage to confirm proper activation under cranking.
- If relay is not being commanded but should be, trace control circuit back to immobilizer and ECM outputs; check for anti-theft inhibiting signal.
- Manually energize the relay (or apply 12 V to relay coil) with proper precautions: verify relay output feeds ECU and that engine attempts to start. If engine starts with relay manually energized, suspect control circuit or relay driver.
- Swap the main relay with a known-good identical relay (if available) and retest to confirm relay vs. wiring/ECM fault.
- Check continuity and resistance of power feed from battery + to relay output and from relay output to ECM supply pin; check grounds for low resistance to chassis negative.
- If wiring and relay test good but problem persists, check ECM power input circuitry and immobilizer interface or consult manufacturer service data. Replace faulty components per service procedure.
- After repair, clear codes and perform a driving/starting cycle to verify the issue does not return.
Likely causes
- Worn or failed main relay
- Loose/corroded connector at relay or ECM
- Blown ECU power fuse
- Open/short in battery feed or relay control wire
- Bad ground at ECU/relay
- Intermittent immobilizer cut-off
Fault status
Status
Main relay malfunction detected — ECU power feed or relay control circuit fault. Inspect main relay, fuses, connectors, wiring and grounds; verify immobilizer/ECM control.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for KIA
155
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KIA
-
KIA: 2021
-
Niro EV
-
KIA: 2020
-
Cadenza
-
K900
-
Niro EV
-
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Code
P1616
MINI
P — Powertrain
Engine control module (ECM) coding memory - check sum error
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Faulty main (engine) relay (contacts stuck open/closed or coil failure)
- Blown fuse or fusible link in the ECU power feed
- Poor battery voltage or weak battery
- Corroded/loose relay socket or connector pins
- Damaged wiring or open/short to relay control or power circuits
- Faulty ground connection for ECM or relay coil
Symptoms
- MIL/Check Engine Lamp illuminated
- Engine cranks but will not start or intermittent no-start
- Complete loss of engine power or stalling
- No fuel pump or injector pulse when key is ON/CRANK
- Intermittent ECU power or resetting while driving
- Accessory or electrical anomalies tied to ECU feed
What to check
- Read and record freeze frame / stored codes; clear and retest
- Visual inspection of main relay, fuse box, relays and wiring for corrosion, overheating or damage
- Check battery voltage (should be ~12.4–12.8 V at rest; >11 V while cranking)
- Verify main relay presence and correct seating in socket; inspect pins
- Check ECU power and ground pins for battery voltage and good ground with key ON
- Swap main relay with a known-good relay of same type (if available) and retest
Signal parameters
- Relay coil control voltage: should be ~12 V when relay is commanded ON (key ON/START or ECU command)
- Relay output (supply) voltage: battery voltage (~12 V) present at relay output when energized
- Coil resistance: typical small-relay coil tens to a few hundred ohms (verify with service data)
- No-voltage condition: if relay not energized, relay output should be near 0 V relative to battery ground
- Continuity: low resistance between battery positive and ECM supply pin when relay closed
Diagnostic algorithm
- Connect scan tool, read freeze frame and pending codes. Note when and under what conditions code set.
- Visually inspect main relay, relay socket and harness for corrosion, melting, or water ingress. Check related fuses and fusible links.
- Verify battery voltage. Recharge or replace weak battery before continuing.
- With ignition ON (engine OFF), measure voltage at the relay coil control terminal and at the relay supply terminal. Compare to battery voltage.
- Crank engine while monitoring relay coil/control voltage to confirm proper activation under cranking.
- If relay is not being commanded but should be, trace control circuit back to immobilizer and ECM outputs; check for anti-theft inhibiting signal.
- Manually energize the relay (or apply 12 V to relay coil) with proper precautions: verify relay output feeds ECU and that engine attempts to start. If engine starts with relay manually energized, suspect control circuit or relay driver.
- Swap the main relay with a known-good identical relay (if available) and retest to confirm relay vs. wiring/ECM fault.
- Check continuity and resistance of power feed from battery + to relay output and from relay output to ECM supply pin; check grounds for low resistance to chassis negative.
- If wiring and relay test good but problem persists, check ECM power input circuitry and immobilizer interface or consult manufacturer service data. Replace faulty components per service procedure.
- After repair, clear codes and perform a driving/starting cycle to verify the issue does not return.
Likely causes
- Worn or failed main relay
- Loose/corroded connector at relay or ECM
- Blown ECU power fuse
- Open/short in battery feed or relay control wire
- Bad ground at ECU/relay
- Intermittent immobilizer cut-off
Fault status
Status
Main relay malfunction detected — ECU power feed or relay control circuit fault. Inspect main relay, fuses, connectors, wiring and grounds; verify immobilizer/ECM control.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
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Code
P1616
Other
P — Powertrain
SBDS Interactive Codes
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Faulty main (engine) relay (contacts stuck open/closed or coil failure)
- Blown fuse or fusible link in the ECU power feed
- Poor battery voltage or weak battery
- Corroded/loose relay socket or connector pins
- Damaged wiring or open/short to relay control or power circuits
- Faulty ground connection for ECM or relay coil
Symptoms
- MIL/Check Engine Lamp illuminated
- Engine cranks but will not start or intermittent no-start
- Complete loss of engine power or stalling
- No fuel pump or injector pulse when key is ON/CRANK
- Intermittent ECU power or resetting while driving
- Accessory or electrical anomalies tied to ECU feed
What to check
- Read and record freeze frame / stored codes; clear and retest
- Visual inspection of main relay, fuse box, relays and wiring for corrosion, overheating or damage
- Check battery voltage (should be ~12.4–12.8 V at rest; >11 V while cranking)
- Verify main relay presence and correct seating in socket; inspect pins
- Check ECU power and ground pins for battery voltage and good ground with key ON
- Swap main relay with a known-good relay of same type (if available) and retest
Signal parameters
- Relay coil control voltage: should be ~12 V when relay is commanded ON (key ON/START or ECU command)
- Relay output (supply) voltage: battery voltage (~12 V) present at relay output when energized
- Coil resistance: typical small-relay coil tens to a few hundred ohms (verify with service data)
- No-voltage condition: if relay not energized, relay output should be near 0 V relative to battery ground
- Continuity: low resistance between battery positive and ECM supply pin when relay closed
Diagnostic algorithm
- Connect scan tool, read freeze frame and pending codes. Note when and under what conditions code set.
- Visually inspect main relay, relay socket and harness for corrosion, melting, or water ingress. Check related fuses and fusible links.
- Verify battery voltage. Recharge or replace weak battery before continuing.
- With ignition ON (engine OFF), measure voltage at the relay coil control terminal and at the relay supply terminal. Compare to battery voltage.
- Crank engine while monitoring relay coil/control voltage to confirm proper activation under cranking.
- If relay is not being commanded but should be, trace control circuit back to immobilizer and ECM outputs; check for anti-theft inhibiting signal.
- Manually energize the relay (or apply 12 V to relay coil) with proper precautions: verify relay output feeds ECU and that engine attempts to start. If engine starts with relay manually energized, suspect control circuit or relay driver.
- Swap the main relay with a known-good identical relay (if available) and retest to confirm relay vs. wiring/ECM fault.
- Check continuity and resistance of power feed from battery + to relay output and from relay output to ECM supply pin; check grounds for low resistance to chassis negative.
- If wiring and relay test good but problem persists, check ECM power input circuitry and immobilizer interface or consult manufacturer service data. Replace faulty components per service procedure.
- After repair, clear codes and perform a driving/starting cycle to verify the issue does not return.
Likely causes
- Worn or failed main relay
- Loose/corroded connector at relay or ECM
- Blown ECU power fuse
- Open/short in battery feed or relay control wire
- Bad ground at ECU/relay
- Intermittent immobilizer cut-off
Fault status
Status
Main relay malfunction detected — ECU power feed or relay control circuit fault. Inspect main relay, fuses, connectors, wiring and grounds; verify immobilizer/ECM control.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
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Code
P1616
RAM
P — Powertrain
5V Output Reference Voltage 1 Low
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Faulty main (engine) relay (contacts stuck open/closed or coil failure)
- Blown fuse or fusible link in the ECU power feed
- Poor battery voltage or weak battery
- Corroded/loose relay socket or connector pins
- Damaged wiring or open/short to relay control or power circuits
- Faulty ground connection for ECM or relay coil
Symptoms
- MIL/Check Engine Lamp illuminated
- Engine cranks but will not start or intermittent no-start
- Complete loss of engine power or stalling
- No fuel pump or injector pulse when key is ON/CRANK
- Intermittent ECU power or resetting while driving
- Accessory or electrical anomalies tied to ECU feed
What to check
- Read and record freeze frame / stored codes; clear and retest
- Visual inspection of main relay, fuse box, relays and wiring for corrosion, overheating or damage
- Check battery voltage (should be ~12.4–12.8 V at rest; >11 V while cranking)
- Verify main relay presence and correct seating in socket; inspect pins
- Check ECU power and ground pins for battery voltage and good ground with key ON
- Swap main relay with a known-good relay of same type (if available) and retest
Signal parameters
- Relay coil control voltage: should be ~12 V when relay is commanded ON (key ON/START or ECU command)
- Relay output (supply) voltage: battery voltage (~12 V) present at relay output when energized
- Coil resistance: typical small-relay coil tens to a few hundred ohms (verify with service data)
- No-voltage condition: if relay not energized, relay output should be near 0 V relative to battery ground
- Continuity: low resistance between battery positive and ECM supply pin when relay closed
Diagnostic algorithm
- Connect scan tool, read freeze frame and pending codes. Note when and under what conditions code set.
- Visually inspect main relay, relay socket and harness for corrosion, melting, or water ingress. Check related fuses and fusible links.
- Verify battery voltage. Recharge or replace weak battery before continuing.
- With ignition ON (engine OFF), measure voltage at the relay coil control terminal and at the relay supply terminal. Compare to battery voltage.
- Crank engine while monitoring relay coil/control voltage to confirm proper activation under cranking.
- If relay is not being commanded but should be, trace control circuit back to immobilizer and ECM outputs; check for anti-theft inhibiting signal.
- Manually energize the relay (or apply 12 V to relay coil) with proper precautions: verify relay output feeds ECU and that engine attempts to start. If engine starts with relay manually energized, suspect control circuit or relay driver.
- Swap the main relay with a known-good identical relay (if available) and retest to confirm relay vs. wiring/ECM fault.
- Check continuity and resistance of power feed from battery + to relay output and from relay output to ECM supply pin; check grounds for low resistance to chassis negative.
- If wiring and relay test good but problem persists, check ECM power input circuitry and immobilizer interface or consult manufacturer service data. Replace faulty components per service procedure.
- After repair, clear codes and perform a driving/starting cycle to verify the issue does not return.
Likely causes
- Worn or failed main relay
- Loose/corroded connector at relay or ECM
- Blown ECU power fuse
- Open/short in battery feed or relay control wire
- Bad ground at ECU/relay
- Intermittent immobilizer cut-off
Fault status
Status
Main relay malfunction detected — ECU power feed or relay control circuit fault. Inspect main relay, fuses, connectors, wiring and grounds; verify immobilizer/ECM control.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
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Code
P1616
SAAB
P — Powertrain
Rough Road Sensor Short To Ground
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Faulty main (engine) relay (contacts stuck open/closed or coil failure)
- Blown fuse or fusible link in the ECU power feed
- Poor battery voltage or weak battery
- Corroded/loose relay socket or connector pins
- Damaged wiring or open/short to relay control or power circuits
- Faulty ground connection for ECM or relay coil
Symptoms
- MIL/Check Engine Lamp illuminated
- Engine cranks but will not start or intermittent no-start
- Complete loss of engine power or stalling
- No fuel pump or injector pulse when key is ON/CRANK
- Intermittent ECU power or resetting while driving
- Accessory or electrical anomalies tied to ECU feed
What to check
- Read and record freeze frame / stored codes; clear and retest
- Visual inspection of main relay, fuse box, relays and wiring for corrosion, overheating or damage
- Check battery voltage (should be ~12.4–12.8 V at rest; >11 V while cranking)
- Verify main relay presence and correct seating in socket; inspect pins
- Check ECU power and ground pins for battery voltage and good ground with key ON
- Swap main relay with a known-good relay of same type (if available) and retest
Signal parameters
- Relay coil control voltage: should be ~12 V when relay is commanded ON (key ON/START or ECU command)
- Relay output (supply) voltage: battery voltage (~12 V) present at relay output when energized
- Coil resistance: typical small-relay coil tens to a few hundred ohms (verify with service data)
- No-voltage condition: if relay not energized, relay output should be near 0 V relative to battery ground
- Continuity: low resistance between battery positive and ECM supply pin when relay closed
Diagnostic algorithm
- Connect scan tool, read freeze frame and pending codes. Note when and under what conditions code set.
- Visually inspect main relay, relay socket and harness for corrosion, melting, or water ingress. Check related fuses and fusible links.
- Verify battery voltage. Recharge or replace weak battery before continuing.
- With ignition ON (engine OFF), measure voltage at the relay coil control terminal and at the relay supply terminal. Compare to battery voltage.
- Crank engine while monitoring relay coil/control voltage to confirm proper activation under cranking.
- If relay is not being commanded but should be, trace control circuit back to immobilizer and ECM outputs; check for anti-theft inhibiting signal.
- Manually energize the relay (or apply 12 V to relay coil) with proper precautions: verify relay output feeds ECU and that engine attempts to start. If engine starts with relay manually energized, suspect control circuit or relay driver.
- Swap the main relay with a known-good identical relay (if available) and retest to confirm relay vs. wiring/ECM fault.
- Check continuity and resistance of power feed from battery + to relay output and from relay output to ECM supply pin; check grounds for low resistance to chassis negative.
- If wiring and relay test good but problem persists, check ECM power input circuitry and immobilizer interface or consult manufacturer service data. Replace faulty components per service procedure.
- After repair, clear codes and perform a driving/starting cycle to verify the issue does not return.
Likely causes
- Worn or failed main relay
- Loose/corroded connector at relay or ECM
- Blown ECU power fuse
- Open/short in battery feed or relay control wire
- Bad ground at ECU/relay
- Intermittent immobilizer cut-off
Fault status
Status
Main relay malfunction detected — ECU power feed or relay control circuit fault. Inspect main relay, fuses, connectors, wiring and grounds; verify immobilizer/ECM control.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
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Code
P1616
VOLKSWAGEN
P — Powertrain
Glow Plug Heater Indicator Circuit Short To B+
AI status
Completed
Completed
100%
Causes
- Faulty main (engine) relay (contacts stuck open/closed or coil failure)
- Blown fuse or fusible link in the ECU power feed
- Poor battery voltage or weak battery
- Corroded/loose relay socket or connector pins
- Damaged wiring or open/short to relay control or power circuits
- Faulty ground connection for ECM or relay coil
Symptoms
- MIL/Check Engine Lamp illuminated
- Engine cranks but will not start or intermittent no-start
- Complete loss of engine power or stalling
- No fuel pump or injector pulse when key is ON/CRANK
- Intermittent ECU power or resetting while driving
- Accessory or electrical anomalies tied to ECU feed
What to check
- Read and record freeze frame / stored codes; clear and retest
- Visual inspection of main relay, fuse box, relays and wiring for corrosion, overheating or damage
- Check battery voltage (should be ~12.4–12.8 V at rest; >11 V while cranking)
- Verify main relay presence and correct seating in socket; inspect pins
- Check ECU power and ground pins for battery voltage and good ground with key ON
- Swap main relay with a known-good relay of same type (if available) and retest
Signal parameters
- Relay coil control voltage: should be ~12 V when relay is commanded ON (key ON/START or ECU command)
- Relay output (supply) voltage: battery voltage (~12 V) present at relay output when energized
- Coil resistance: typical small-relay coil tens to a few hundred ohms (verify with service data)
- No-voltage condition: if relay not energized, relay output should be near 0 V relative to battery ground
- Continuity: low resistance between battery positive and ECM supply pin when relay closed
Diagnostic algorithm
- Connect scan tool, read freeze frame and pending codes. Note when and under what conditions code set.
- Visually inspect main relay, relay socket and harness for corrosion, melting, or water ingress. Check related fuses and fusible links.
- Verify battery voltage. Recharge or replace weak battery before continuing.
- With ignition ON (engine OFF), measure voltage at the relay coil control terminal and at the relay supply terminal. Compare to battery voltage.
- Crank engine while monitoring relay coil/control voltage to confirm proper activation under cranking.
- If relay is not being commanded but should be, trace control circuit back to immobilizer and ECM outputs; check for anti-theft inhibiting signal.
- Manually energize the relay (or apply 12 V to relay coil) with proper precautions: verify relay output feeds ECU and that engine attempts to start. If engine starts with relay manually energized, suspect control circuit or relay driver.
- Swap the main relay with a known-good identical relay (if available) and retest to confirm relay vs. wiring/ECM fault.
- Check continuity and resistance of power feed from battery + to relay output and from relay output to ECM supply pin; check grounds for low resistance to chassis negative.
- If wiring and relay test good but problem persists, check ECM power input circuitry and immobilizer interface or consult manufacturer service data. Replace faulty components per service procedure.
- After repair, clear codes and perform a driving/starting cycle to verify the issue does not return.
Likely causes
- Worn or failed main relay
- Loose/corroded connector at relay or ECM
- Blown ECU power fuse
- Open/short in battery feed or relay control wire
- Bad ground at ECU/relay
- Intermittent immobilizer cut-off
Fault status
Status
Main relay malfunction detected — ECU power feed or relay control circuit fault. Inspect main relay, fuses, connectors, wiring and grounds; verify immobilizer/ECM control.
Repair difficulty: Medium
Diagnostic time: 0.5-2.0 hours
Similar codes
Repair manuals
Manual library for VOLKSWAGEN
626
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- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2021: Atlas SEL
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL Premium, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2021: Atlas SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 3.6L Eng VIN R · 3.6L Eng VIN R2021: Atlas SEL Premium
- SEL Premium R-Line
- SEL R-Line, AWD
- SEL R-Line, FWD
- SE R-Line, AWD
- SE R-Line, FWD
-
Atlas Cross Sport
- S, AWD
- S, FWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN C, AWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN C, FWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN E, AWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN E, FWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN C · 2.0L Eng VIN C2021: Atlas Cross Sport SEL
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN E, AWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN E, FWD
- SEL Premium, 2.0L Eng VIN C · 2.0L Eng VIN C2021: Atlas Cross Sport SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 3.6L Eng VIN E · 3.6L Eng VIN E2021: Atlas Cross Sport SEL Premium
- SEL Premium R-Line
- SEL R-Line, AWD
- SEL R-Line, FWD
- SE R-Line, AWD
- SE R-Line, FWD
-
VOLKSWAGEN: 2020
-
Atlas
- S, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2020: Atlas S
- S, 3.6L Eng VIN R · 3.6L Eng VIN R2020: Atlas S
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2020: Atlas SE
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2020: Atlas SEL
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL Premium
- SEL R-Line, AWD
- SEL R-Line, FWD
- SE R-Line, AWD
- SE R-Line, FWD
-
Atlas Cross Sport
- S, AWD
- S, FWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN C, AWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN C, FWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN E, AWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN E, FWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN C, AWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN C, FWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN E, AWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN E, FWD
- SEL Premium
- SEL Premium R-Line
- SEL R-Line, AWD
- SEL R-Line, FWD
- SE R-Line, AWD
- SE R-Line, FWD
-
Jetta
- GLI Autobahn, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI Autobahn, Standard Trans
- GLI S, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI S, Standard Trans
- R-Line, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Automatic Trans
- R-Line, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Standard Trans
- R-Line, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta R-Line
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Automatic Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Standard Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta S
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52020: Jetta SE
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta SE
- SEL, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52020: Jetta SEL
- SEL, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta SEL
- SEL Premium, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52020: Jetta SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2020: Jetta SEL Premium
-
VOLKSWAGEN: 2019
-
e-Golf
-
Golf Alltrack
- S, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- SEL, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic DCT Trans
- SEL, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- SEL, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic DCT Trans
- SEL, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
-
Jetta
- GLI 35th Anniversary Edition, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI 35th Anniversary Edition, Standard Trans
- GLI Autobahn, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI Autobahn, Standard Trans
- GLI S, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI S, Standard Trans
- R-Line, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52019: Jetta R-Line
- R-Line, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2019: Jetta R-Line
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Automatic Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 5, Standard Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2019: Jetta S
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52019: Jetta SE
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2019: Jetta SE
- SEL, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52019: Jetta SEL
- SEL, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2019: Jetta SEL
- SEL Premium, 1.4L Eng VIN 5 · 1.4L Eng VIN 52019: Jetta SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 1.4L Eng VIN B · 1.4L Eng VIN B2019: Jetta SEL Premium
-
VOLKSWAGEN: 2018
-
Atlas
- Launch Edition, AWD
- Launch Edition, FWD
- S, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2018: Atlas S
- S, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- S, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SE, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2018: Atlas SE
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- SE, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2018: Atlas SEL
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, AWD
- SEL, 3.6L Eng VIN R, FWD
- SEL Premium, AWD
- SEL Premium, FWD
-
e-Golf
-
Golf Alltrack
- S, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- SEL, Eng CD CXBA
- SEL, Eng CD CXBB
-
Jetta
- GLI, Eng CD CPLA
- GLI, Eng CD CPPA
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Automatic Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Standard Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Automatic Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Standard Trans
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Automatic Trans
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Standard Trans
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Automatic Trans
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Standard Trans
- SEL, Eng CD CPKA
- SEL, Eng CD CPRA
- SE Sport, Eng CD CPKA
- SE Sport, Eng CD CPRA
- Wolfsburg Edition, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Automatic Trans
- Wolfsburg Edition, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Standard Trans
- Wolfsburg Edition, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Automatic Trans
- Wolfsburg Edition, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Standard Trans
-
-
VOLKSWAGEN: 2017
-
e-Golf
-
Golf
- S, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- Wolfsburg Edition, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic Trans
- Wolfsburg Edition, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- Wolfsburg Edition, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic Trans
- Wolfsburg Edition, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
-
Golf Alltrack
- S, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- SEL, Eng CD CXBA
- SEL, Eng CD CXBB
-
Golf SportWagen
- S, Eng CD CXBA, AWD, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBA, AWD, Standard Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBA, FWD, Automatic Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBA, FWD, Standard Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, AWD, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, AWD, Standard Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, FWD, Automatic Trans
- S, Eng CD CXBB, FWD, Standard Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBA
- SE, Eng CD CXBB
- SEL, Eng CD CXBA
- SEL, Eng CD CXBB
-
Jetta
- GLI, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI, Standard Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Automatic Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Standard Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Automatic Trans
- S, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Standard Trans
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Automatic Trans
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN 6, Standard Trans
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Automatic Trans
- SE, 1.4L Eng VIN B, Standard Trans
- SEL
- Sport
-
Touareg
-
VOLKSWAGEN: 2016
-
Beetle
- Denim, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Beetle Denim
- Denim, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Beetle Denim
- Dune, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Beetle Dune
- Dune, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Beetle Dune
- Fleet Edition
- R-Line S, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line S, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Standard Trans
- R-Line S, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line S, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- R-Line SE, 2D Convertible, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line SE, 2D Convertible, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Standard Trans
- R-Line SE, 2D Convertible, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line SE, 2D Convertible, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- R-Line SE, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line SE, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Standard Trans
- R-Line SE, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line SE, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- R-Line SEL, 2D Convertible, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line SEL, 2D Convertible, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Standard Trans
- R-Line SEL, 2D Convertible, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line SEL, 2D Convertible, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- R-Line SEL, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line SEL, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Standard Trans
- R-Line SEL, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line SEL, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- S, 2D Convertible, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Beetle S
- S, 2D Convertible, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Beetle S
- S, 2D Hatchback, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Beetle S
- S, 2D Hatchback, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Beetle S
- SE, 2D Convertible, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Beetle SE
- SE, 2D Convertible, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Beetle SE
- SE, 2D Hatchback, 1.8L Eng VIN 0, Automatic Trans
- SE, 2D Hatchback, 1.8L Eng VIN 0, Standard Trans
- SE, 2D Hatchback, 1.8L Eng VIN 1, Automatic Trans
- SE, 2D Hatchback, 1.8L Eng VIN 1, Standard Trans
- SEL, 2D Convertible, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Beetle SEL
- SEL, 2D Convertible, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Beetle SEL
- SEL, 2D Hatchback, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Beetle SEL
- SEL, 2D Hatchback, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Beetle SEL
- Wolfsburg Edition, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Beetle Wolfsburg Edition
- Wolfsburg Edition, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Beetle Wolfsburg Edition
-
CC
- R-Line, 2.0L Eng VIN N, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line, 2.0L Eng VIN N, Standard Trans
- R-Line, 2.0L Eng VIN P, Automatic DCT Trans
- R-Line, 2.0L Eng VIN P, Standard Trans
- R-Line Executive, 2.0L Eng VIN N · 2.0L Eng VIN N2016: CC R-Line Executive
- R-Line Executive, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2016: CC R-Line Executive
- Sport, 2.0L Eng VIN N · 2.0L Eng VIN N2016: CC Sport
- Sport, 2.0L Eng VIN P · 2.0L Eng VIN P2016: CC Sport
- Trend, 2.0L Eng VIN N, Automatic DCT Trans
- Trend, 2.0L Eng VIN N, Standard Trans
- Trend, 2.0L Eng VIN P, Automatic DCT Trans
- Trend, 2.0L Eng VIN P, Standard Trans
- V6 Executive 4Motion
-
e-Golf
-
Golf
- Base, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic Trans
- Base, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- Base, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic Trans
- Base, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- S, 2D Hatchback, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic Trans
- S, 2D Hatchback, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- S, 2D Hatchback, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic Trans
- S, 2D Hatchback, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- S, 4D Hatchback, Eng CD CXBA, Automatic Trans
- S, 4D Hatchback, Eng CD CXBA, Standard Trans
- S, 4D Hatchback, Eng CD CXBB, Automatic Trans
- S, 4D Hatchback, Eng CD CXBB, Standard Trans
- SE, Eng CD CXBA
- SE, Eng CD CXBB
- SEL, Eng CD CXBA
- SEL, Eng CD CXBB
-
GTI
- Autobahn, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Automatic DCT Trans
- Autobahn, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Standard Trans
- Autobahn, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- Autobahn, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- S, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Standard Trans
- S, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- S, 4D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, 4D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Standard Trans
- S, 4D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- S, 4D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- SE, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Standard Trans
- SE, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, 2D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- SE, 4D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, 4D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN 4, Standard Trans
- SE, 4D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- SE, 4D Hatchback, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
-
Jetta
- GLI SE, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI SE, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Standard Trans
- GLI SE, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI SE, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- GLI SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN S, Standard Trans
- GLI SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Automatic DCT Trans
- GLI SEL, 2.0L Eng VIN T, Standard Trans
- Hybrid SEL Premium
- S, Automatic Trans
- S, Standard Trans
- SE, Automatic Trans
- SE, Standard Trans
- SEL, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Jetta SEL
- SEL, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Jetta SEL
- SEL Premium, 1.8L Eng VIN 0 · 1.8L Eng VIN 02016: Jetta SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 1.8L Eng VIN 1 · 1.8L Eng VIN 12016: Jetta SEL Premium
- Sport, 1.8L Eng VIN 0, Automatic Trans
- Sport, 1.8L Eng VIN 0, Standard Trans
- Sport, 1.8L Eng VIN 1, Automatic Trans
- Sport, 1.8L Eng VIN 1, Standard Trans
-
Passat
- R-Line, 1.8L Eng VIN S · 1.8L Eng VIN S2016: Passat R-Line
- R-Line, 1.8L Eng VIN T · 1.8L Eng VIN T2016: Passat R-Line
- S, 1.8L Eng VIN S · 1.8L Eng VIN S2016: Passat S
- S, 1.8L Eng VIN T · 1.8L Eng VIN T2016: Passat S
- SE, 1.8L Eng VIN S · 1.8L Eng VIN S2016: Passat SE
- SE, 1.8L Eng VIN T · 1.8L Eng VIN T2016: Passat SE
- SEL, 1.8L Eng VIN S · 1.8L Eng VIN S2016: Passat SEL
- SEL, 1.8L Eng VIN T · 1.8L Eng VIN T2016: Passat SEL
- SEL Premium, 1.8L Eng VIN S · 1.8L Eng VIN S2016: Passat SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 1.8L Eng VIN T · 1.8L Eng VIN T2016: Passat SEL Premium
- SEL Premium, 3.6L Eng VIN M · 3.6L Eng VIN M2016: Passat SEL Premium
-
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